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Genetics and DNA Overview

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Questions and Answers

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonutric acid

Deoxyribonucleic acid (correct)

Deoxyribonuclear acid

Dioxyribonucleic acid

Which of the following pairs of DNA bases are correctly matched?

Cytosine (C) with Thymine (T)

Thymine (T) with Guanine (G)

Adenine (A) with Thymine (T) (correct)

Adenine (A) with Cytosine (C)

What does it mean when traits are described as homozygous?

Having one dominant and one recessive allele

Having two identical alleles for a trait (correct)

Being unable to express certain traits

Having two different alleles for a trait

How are male and female individuals represented in pedigree charts?

Squares for males and circles for females Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of identical twins?

They develop from one zygote Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a heterozygous genotype from a homozygous genotype?

Heterozygous has two different alleles. Signup and view all the answers

How do dominant traits influence trait expression in offspring?

They require at least one parent to carry the dominant allele. Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a pedigree chart showing a filled circle?

A female offspring exhibits a recessive trait. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct regarding mutations?

Mutations can lead to variations in physical traits. Signup and view all the answers

What role did Gregor Mendel play in the field of genetics?

He established foundational principles of heredity. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

DNA Structure and Function

DNA is the blueprint for all living things
DNA has a double helix shape
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid
A gene is a section of DNA located on chromosomes
An allele is a variation of a gene

Matching DNA Bases

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)
Example: AGCTGATT corresponds with TCGACTAA

Inheritance of Traits

Dominant traits are expressed if at least one parent has them
Recessive traits can be expressed even if neither parent shows them
True-breeding means offspring inherit the same traits as parents

Pedigree Charts

Male individuals are represented by squares
Female individuals are represented by circles

Mutations

Mutations can cause changes in traits
Examples include a person with different colored eyes

Homozygous and Heterozygous

Homozygous means having two identical alleles
Heterozygous means having two different alleles

Identical Twins

Identical twins develop from a single zygote

Gregor Mendel

Gregor Mendel is considered the "father of genetics"
He described the passing of traits before genes were understood

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Description

This quiz covers fundamental concepts in genetics, including DNA structure and function, inheritance of traits, and the basics of genotype variations such as homozygous and heterozygous conditions. It also introduces pedigree charts and discusses mutations and their effects. Test your knowledge and understanding of these essential biological principles!