7 Questions
What is the study of heredity and variation focused on?
How traits are passed down from parents to offspring
What is the term for the physical expression of an individual's genotype?
Phenotype
How many pairs of chromosomes are found in human cells?
23 pairs
What is the function of chromosomes?
To carry genetic information
What is the relationship between adenine and thymine in DNA?
Adenine and thymine are paired together
What is the result of DNA replication?
One new DNA molecule with one old strand and one new strand
What is a change in the DNA sequence called?
Mutation
Study Notes
Genetics
- Study of heredity and variation
- Examines how traits are passed down from parents to offspring
- Key concepts:
- Genotype: genetic makeup of an individual
- Phenotype: physical expression of an individual's genotype
- Alleles: different forms of a gene
- Dominant/recessive: relationship between alleles
Chromosomes
- Thread-like structures made up of DNA and proteins
- Found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
- Characteristics:
- Number: 23 pairs in humans (46 total)
- Shape: linear, with a centromere (constricted region)
- Function: carry genetic information
- Types:
- Autosomes: non-sex chromosomes
- Sex chromosomes: X and Y chromosomes, determine sex
DNA Structure
- Double helix model: two complementary strands twisted together
- Components:
- Sugar molecule (deoxyribose)
- Phosphate group
- Nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T)
- Base pairing rules:
- A-T (adenine-thymine)
- G-C (guanine-cytosine)
- Characteristics:
- Replication: semi-conservative, where each new DNA molecule contains one old strand and one new strand
- Mutation: changes in the DNA sequence
Genetics
- Genetics is the study of heredity and variation, examining how traits are passed down from parents to offspring
- Key concepts in genetics include genotype, phenotype, alleles, and dominant/recessive relationships
Chromosomes
- Chromosomes are thread-like structures composed of DNA and proteins, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
- Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total), which are linear in shape with a centromere (constricted region)
- Chromosomes carry genetic information and can be classified into two types:
- Autosomes: non-sex chromosomes
- Sex chromosomes: X and Y chromosomes, which determine an individual's sex
DNA Structure
- DNA has a double helix model, consisting of two complementary strands twisted together
- The components of DNA include:
- Deoxyribose (sugar molecule)
- Phosphate group
- Nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T)
- Base pairing rules in DNA are:
- Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)
- Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C)
- DNA replication is semi-conservative, resulting in new DNA molecules containing one old strand and one new strand
- Mutations occur when there are changes in the DNA sequence
This quiz covers the basics of genetics, including heredity, variation, genotype, phenotype, alleles, and chromosomes. Learn about the structure and function of chromosomes and how traits are passed down from parents to offspring.
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