Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the chemical basis of inheritance in living organisms?

  • Histones
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (correct)
  • Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
  • Nucleotides

Where is DNA usually found in a cell?

  • Ribosome
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
  • Nucleus (correct)

What is a section of DNA that determines a particular feature called?

  • Histone
  • Gene (correct)
  • Chromosome
  • Nucleotide

What are the building blocks of DNA molecules?

<p>Nucleotides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the complementary bases in DNA that always bind with each other?

<p>Adenine and thymine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of genes in determining a person's characteristics?

<p>Directing the production of specific proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are nucleotides structured in a DNA molecule?

<p>Containing deoxyribose, phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of histones in relation to DNA?

<p>Coiling and folding DNA molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the base-pairing rule in DNA?

<p>Determining the complementary bases in DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are chromosomes related to DNA molecules?

<p>Chromosomes contain DNA molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is DNA?

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the molecule that carries genetic information in all living organisms.

Where is DNA located?

DNA resides in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, but in prokaryotic cells, it's located in the cytoplasm.

What is a gene?

A segment of DNA responsible for a specific trait or feature.

How do DNA bases pair?

Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).

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What are the building blocks of DNA?

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA, each composed of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

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How do genes influence traits?

Genes directly contribute to physical characteristics like eye color or height.

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What is DNA's structure?

DNA is a long, double helix structure formed by nucleotides linked together by phosphodiester bonds.

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What is the role of histones?

Histones are proteins that package DNA into compact units called nucleosomes, which help regulate gene expression.

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Why is the base-pairing rule important?

The base-pairing rule ensures accurate DNA replication and transcription, maintaining genetic integrity.

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What is the relationship between chromosomes and DNA?

Chromosomes are composed of tightly packed strands of DNA wound around histones, carrying genes and facilitating proper genetic material distribution during cell division.

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Study Notes

Chemical Basis of Inheritance

  • Inheritance in living organisms is chemically based on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
  • DNA carries genetic information essential for growth, development, and reproduction.

Location of DNA in Cells

  • DNA is primarily located in the cell nucleus in eukaryotes.
  • In prokaryotes, DNA is found in the cytoplasm as a single circular molecule.

DNA Sections and Features

  • A section of DNA that determines a specific feature is known as a gene.
  • Genes encode instructions for synthesizing proteins, influencing traits.

Building Blocks of DNA

  • Nucleotides are the fundamental building blocks of DNA.
  • Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base.

Complementary Bases in DNA

  • The nitrogenous bases that always pair are adenine (A) with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) with guanine (G).
  • Base pairing is facilitated by hydrogen bonds, contributing to DNA's stable structure.

Role of Genes in Characteristics

  • Genes play a crucial role in determining an individual's characteristics, known as phenotypes.
  • Traits are inherited and expressed based on gene combinations and interactions.

Nucleotide Structure in DNA

  • Nucleotides are linked together by phosphodiester bonds, forming a long, twisted double helix structure.
  • Each nucleotide's specific base sequences dictate genetic instructions.

Role of Histones

  • Histones are proteins that package and order DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.
  • They play a significant role in DNA condensation and regulation of gene expression.

Significance of Base-Pairing Rule

  • The base-pairing rule ensures accurate DNA replication and transcription, maintaining genetic fidelity.
  • It allows for complementary strands that facilitate genetic information transfer during cell division.

Relationship Between Chromosomes and DNA

  • Chromosomes are long strands of DNA coiled around histones, forming a compact structure.
  • Each chromosome contains many genes and is crucial for the proper segregation of genetic material during cell division.

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