Genetics and Biotech: Key Concepts

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Questions and Answers

In a Mendelian dihybrid cross, what fraction of the F₂ generation is expected to have the genotype Yyrr?

  • $ rac{2}{16}$ (correct)
  • $ rac{3}{16}$
  • $ rac{1}{16}$
  • $ rac{4}{16}$

Match the plant growth regulator with its precursor or chemical class:

  • A - II, B - I, C - IV, D - III
  • A - IV, B - III, C - I, D - II (correct)
  • A - II, B - I, C - III, D - IV
  • A - IV, B - II, C - I, D - III

After DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis, the process of cutting out the desired DNA band and extracting the DNA from the gel piece is called what?

  • Spooling
  • Biolistic
  • Elution (correct)
  • Southern blotting

Which of the following sequences accurately describes the steps involved in recombinant DNA technology?

<p>e → a → f → c → g → b → d (A)</p>
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Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding decomposition in an ecosystem?

<p>Low temperature and anaerobiosis favor decomposition (C)</p>
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Match the terms related to ecosystems in Column A with their descriptions in Column B.

<p>A - 3, B - 4, C -1, D - 2 (C)</p>
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What primary process do detritivores perform in an ecosystem?

<p>Fragmentation (D)</p>
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The inheritance of starch grain size in peas is an example of what type of inheritance?

<p>Incomplete dominance (A)</p>
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Flashcards

Yyrr genotype frequency

The genotype Yyrr appears in a 2:16 ratio in the F₂ generation of a Mendelian dihybrid cross.

Plant hormone matching

Auxin: Indole compounds; Gibberellin: Terpenes; Cytokinin: Adenine derivatives; ABA: Carotenoid derivatives.

DNA elution

Elution is the process where DNA fragments are extracted from the agarose gel after gel electrophoresis.

Recombinant DNA steps

The correct sequence is: Isolation of DNA → Fragmentation of DNA → Isolation of desired DNA fragment → Ligation of DNA fragment into a vector → Transferring the recombinant DNA into the host → Culturing the host cells in a medium at large scale → Extraction of the desired product.

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Factors affecting decomposition

Low temperature and anaerobiosis slow down decomposition, not favor it.

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Ecosystem components matching

Natural ecosystem: Forest; Decomposer: Bacteria; Primary productivity: Producer; Secondary productivity: Consumer.

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Detritivore process

Detritivores carry out fragmentation, breaking down detritus into smaller pieces.

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Starch grain size inheritance

Inheritance of starch grain size in pea exhibits incomplete dominance.

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Study Notes

  • The frequency of Yyrr genotype in the F2 generation of a Mendelian dihybrid cross is 2/16.

Match the Following

  • Auxin corresponds to Indole compounds.
  • Gibberellin corresponds to Terpenes.
  • Cytokinin corresponds to Adenine derivatives.
  • ABA corresponds to Carotenoid derivatives.
  • The process of cutting out DNA bands separated by gel electrophoresis from the agarose gel and extracting them from the gel piece is called elution.

Recombinant DNA Technology

  • Involves several steps in a specific sequence to find out the correct sequence.
  • e → a → f → c → g → b → d is the correct sequence.
    • e. Isolation of DNA
    • a. Fragmentation of DNA
    • f. Isolation of desired DNA fragment
    • c. Ligation of DNA fragment into a vector
    • g. Transferring the recombinant DNA into the host
    • b. Culturing the host cells in a medium at a large scale
    • d. Extraction of the desired product
  • Decomposition is an important functional aspect of the ecosystem however it is incorrect to state that low temperature and anaerobiosis favor decomposition.

Match the Following Columns

  • Natural ecosystem corresponds to Forest.
  • Decomposer corresponds to Bacteria.
  • Primary productivity corresponds to Producer.
  • Secondary productivity corresponds to Consumer.
  • Detritivores carry out the process of fragmentation in an ecosystem.
  • Inheritance of starch grain size in pea shows incomplete dominance.
  • The given floral formula belongs to the family Solanaceae.
    • Floral formula: ⨁ ♀ Epi3→8 K(5) C5 A(∞) G(5)

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