Podcast
Questions and Answers
What genotype combination represents a homozygous dominant plant for seed color?
What genotype combination represents a homozygous dominant plant for seed color?
- AA (correct)
- aa
- Ab
- Aa
Which of the following genotypes would produce green seeds in the F2 generation?
Which of the following genotypes would produce green seeds in the F2 generation?
- Aa
- aa (correct)
- AA
- Ab
In Mendelian genetics, how are traits produced in the F2 generation from the F1 progeny?
In Mendelian genetics, how are traits produced in the F2 generation from the F1 progeny?
- The traits assort independently and can be a mix of dominant and recessive. (correct)
- The F2 generation has only one genotype.
- F2 generation exhibits the same phenotype as F1.
- Only dominant traits are expressed.
What is meant by the term 'linkage' in genetics?
What is meant by the term 'linkage' in genetics?
What is the resulting phenotype when the F1 generation (AaBb) is crossed?
What is the resulting phenotype when the F1 generation (AaBb) is crossed?
How many types of gametes are produced in males during segregation?
How many types of gametes are produced in males during segregation?
Which sex-determining system is most common in fish species and humans?
Which sex-determining system is most common in fish species and humans?
What are polar bodies in the context of female gamete formation?
What are polar bodies in the context of female gamete formation?
What does the variable P represent in the relationship P = G + E + GE?
What does the variable P represent in the relationship P = G + E + GE?
Which component is NOT part of the genetic value (G) breakdown?
Which component is NOT part of the genetic value (G) breakdown?
What does GE refer to in the equation P = G + E + GE?
What does GE refer to in the equation P = G + E + GE?
How can different individuals within the same environment respond?
How can different individuals within the same environment respond?
What is the significance of genetic variance in breeding programs?
What is the significance of genetic variance in breeding programs?
Which term is associated with interaction effects in genetic value?
Which term is associated with interaction effects in genetic value?
In the equation P = G + E + GE, which factor represents the environmental influences?
In the equation P = G + E + GE, which factor represents the environmental influences?
Which of the following statements about phenotype is true?
Which of the following statements about phenotype is true?
What is the initial phase of cell division in fish after fertilization called?
What is the initial phase of cell division in fish after fertilization called?
Which sex-determining system designates homoga- metic fish as males?
Which sex-determining system designates homoga- metic fish as males?
Which statement about blue tilapia is correct?
Which statement about blue tilapia is correct?
What happens during the cleavage phase?
What happens during the cleavage phase?
In the ZO sex-determining system, what does the female phenotype represent?
In the ZO sex-determining system, what does the female phenotype represent?
How does the W chromosome function in sex determination?
How does the W chromosome function in sex determination?
Which species is identified to have the ZO sex-determining system?
Which species is identified to have the ZO sex-determining system?
What initiates the formation of germ layers in embryonic development?
What initiates the formation of germ layers in embryonic development?
What is the equation that describes the relationship between total phenotypic variance and its components?
What is the equation that describes the relationship between total phenotypic variance and its components?
What does a heritability value of 0 imply about a phenotype?
What does a heritability value of 0 imply about a phenotype?
For a selection program to be effective, which of the following should be determined?
For a selection program to be effective, which of the following should be determined?
What does a heritability value greater than 0.2 suggest?
What does a heritability value greater than 0.2 suggest?
Which component contributes to the genetic variance for a trait?
Which component contributes to the genetic variance for a trait?
What type of hybridization involves breeding different species?
What type of hybridization involves breeding different species?
The interaction between genetic variance and environmental variance is denoted as which component?
The interaction between genetic variance and environmental variance is denoted as which component?
Which heritability value indicates a phenotype resulting entirely from additive genetic variance?
Which heritability value indicates a phenotype resulting entirely from additive genetic variance?
What is a significant advantage of using a homozygous DNA template in whole genome sequencing?
What is a significant advantage of using a homozygous DNA template in whole genome sequencing?
How are androgens produced using irradiated eggs?
How are androgens produced using irradiated eggs?
What result is achieved by fertilizing an irradiated egg with normal sperm?
What result is achieved by fertilizing an irradiated egg with normal sperm?
What is the name given to fish created using the genetic method mentioned, which are commercially available in the United States?
What is the name given to fish created using the genetic method mentioned, which are commercially available in the United States?
What does the use of an inducible promoter achieve in transgenic fish?
What does the use of an inducible promoter achieve in transgenic fish?
What is a characteristic feature of androgens in the context of genetic studies?
What is a characteristic feature of androgens in the context of genetic studies?
What is a significant concern regarding the application of genetic engineering in aquaculture?
What is a significant concern regarding the application of genetic engineering in aquaculture?
What is the process used to create diploid zygotes that only contain male chromosomal material?
What is the process used to create diploid zygotes that only contain male chromosomal material?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Allele Dominance and Segregation
- Dominant Allele: Yellow seed color (A)
- Recessive Allele: Green seed color (a)
- Parental Cross: Homozygous dominant (AA) x Homozygous recessive (aa)
- F1 Generation: All heterozygous dominant (Aa) and yellow seeds
- F2 Generation: Three genotypes (AA, Aa, aa) and two phenotypes (yellow or green seeds)
Independent Assortment of Genes
- Independent assortment of genes may not hold true for all combinations of alleles (e.g., linked genes)
Sex Determination
- XY Diploid System: Most common system in mammals and fish (e.g., humans, channel catfish)
- WZ System: Opposite of XY system (e.g., blue tilapia); female is heterogametic, male is homogametic
- ZO System: Female is heterogametic, male is homogametic (e.g., dwarf gourami fish, sole fish)
Phenotype and Genetic Variance
- Phenotype (P) is a combination of genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype-environment interaction (GE): P = G + E + GE
- Genetic Variance (VG): Additive genetic variance (VA), dominance genetic variance (VD), and epistatic or interaction variance (I): G = VA + VD + I
- Phenotypic Variance (VP): VG + VE + VGE
Breeding Programs and Genetic Variance
- Genetic variance: Key component in breeding programs to exploit desired traits
- Heritability (h2): Proportion of additive genetic variance contributing to a phenotype
- Heritability values (h2): Range from 0 to 1, with values greater than 0.2 suggesting a trait can be exploited for selection
Genetic Engineering in Aquaculture
- Transgenic fish: Genetically modified fish
- Advantages: Increased growth rates, disease resistance, and environmental monitoring
- Disadvantages: Concerns about food and ecological safety, limited economic impact
- GloFishTM: A commercially available glowing zebrafish, an example of transgenic fish
Androgens
- Androgens: Fish with chromosomes only from the father
- Creation: Fertilizing irradiated eggs with regular sperm, followed by genome duplication
- Characteristics: Completely homozygous, useful for genetic studies due to reduced genetic complexity
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
