Genetic Variation & DNA Repair Mechanism
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about somatic mutations?

  • They are the principal cause of many inherited diseases
  • They are typically not inherited by offspring (correct)
  • They only affect the function of essential enzymes
  • They are inherited by offspring

    • How can mutations arise due to the action of a mutagen?

  • By preventing the incorporation of mismatched bases during replication
  • By changing the structure of nucleotides within the DNA molecule (correct)
  • By increasing the accuracy of DNA replication
  • By preventing DNA replication from occurring

    • What is the principal cause of many inherited diseases like cancer?

  • Mutations arising from errors in DNA replication
  • Germline mutations (correct)
  • Incorporation of mismatched bases during replication
  • Chemical modification of nitrogenous bases

    • What type of DNA alterations can be inherited by offspring?

    <p>Germline mutations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second way in which mutations can arise according to the text?

    <p>By the action of a chemical or physical mutagen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation is caused by UV radiation?

    <p>Thymine dimer induction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of depurination in DNA?

    <p>A gap is formed in the DNA strand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mutation leads to the substitution of an incorrect amino acid?

    <p>Transversion mutation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the incorporation of valine in place of glutamine in the β-globin chain of hemoglobin?

    <p>Missense mutation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most frequent type of spontaneous mutations?

    <p>Depurination mutation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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