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Genetic Transformation by Pathogens in Eukaryotic Hosts

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Genetic Transformation by Pathogens in Eukaryotic Hosts

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Questions and Answers

What is a key advantage of sexual reproduction?

Cloning and gene transfer

Generation of unique genetic combinations (correct)

Preservation of genetic information

Inclusion and multiplication of undesirable genes

How do traditional hybridisation procedures in breeding often impact genetic composition?

They overcome the limitation of genetic engineering

They lead to inclusion of only desirable genes

They preserve genetic information effectively

They may include and multiply undesirable genes (correct)

What is the likely fate of a piece of DNA transferred into an alien organism?

It will be able to multiply itself in the progeny cells

It may multiply after integration into the host genome (correct)

It will have no effect on the host organism

It will not integrate into the host genome

Why does a piece of DNA integrated into the host genome have the potential to multiply?

It becomes part of a chromosome with replication ability Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme responsible for joining cut DNA molecules and creating a new combination of circular autonomously replicating DNA?

Ligase enzyme Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of E. coli to replicate the transferred DNA and make multiple copies using its DNA polymerase enzyme?

Cloning of antibiotic resistance gene Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme was responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in Escherichia coli?

Restriction endonuclease Signup and view all the answers

What are the key tools required for genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology?

Restriction enzymes, polymerase enzymes, ligases, vectors, and the host organism Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a bioreactor?

To provide optimal growth conditions for the desired product Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a stirred-tank bioreactor?

Facilitating even mixing and oxygen availability throughout the bioreactor Signup and view all the answers

What are the processes collectively referred to as downstream processing?

Separation and purification Signup and view all the answers

What is required for each product after completion of the biosynthetic stage?

Strict quality control testing Signup and view all the answers

Why is DNA unable to pass through cell membranes?

DNA is a hydrophilic molecule Signup and view all the answers

How are bacterial cells made 'competent' to take up DNA?

By treating them with a specific concentration of a divalent cation Signup and view all the answers

What has the tumor inducing (Ti) plasmid of Agrobacterium tumifaciens been modified into?

A cloning vector Signup and view all the answers

What has been disarmed and now used to deliver desirable genes into animal cells?

Retroviruses Signup and view all the answers