Genetic Transformation by Pathogens in Eukaryotic Hosts
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Questions and Answers

What is a key advantage of sexual reproduction?

  • Cloning and gene transfer
  • Generation of unique genetic combinations (correct)
  • Preservation of genetic information
  • Inclusion and multiplication of undesirable genes

How do traditional hybridisation procedures in breeding often impact genetic composition?

  • They overcome the limitation of genetic engineering
  • They lead to inclusion of only desirable genes
  • They preserve genetic information effectively
  • They may include and multiply undesirable genes (correct)

What is the likely fate of a piece of DNA transferred into an alien organism?

  • It will be able to multiply itself in the progeny cells
  • It may multiply after integration into the host genome (correct)
  • It will have no effect on the host organism
  • It will not integrate into the host genome

Why does a piece of DNA integrated into the host genome have the potential to multiply?

<p>It becomes part of a chromosome with replication ability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme responsible for joining cut DNA molecules and creating a new combination of circular autonomously replicating DNA?

<p>Ligase enzyme (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of E. coli to replicate the transferred DNA and make multiple copies using its DNA polymerase enzyme?

<p>Cloning of antibiotic resistance gene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme was responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in Escherichia coli?

<p>Restriction endonuclease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key tools required for genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology?

<p>Restriction enzymes, polymerase enzymes, ligases, vectors, and the host organism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a bioreactor?

<p>To provide optimal growth conditions for the desired product (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a stirred-tank bioreactor?

<p>Facilitating even mixing and oxygen availability throughout the bioreactor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the processes collectively referred to as downstream processing?

<p>Separation and purification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for each product after completion of the biosynthetic stage?

<p>Strict quality control testing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is DNA unable to pass through cell membranes?

<p>DNA is a hydrophilic molecule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are bacterial cells made 'competent' to take up DNA?

<p>By treating them with a specific concentration of a divalent cation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has the tumor inducing (Ti) plasmid of Agrobacterium tumifaciens been modified into?

<p>A cloning vector (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been disarmed and now used to deliver desirable genes into animal cells?

<p>Retroviruses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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