Genetic Mutation and Immune System Response

Study Notes

Gene Mutation in Pathogens

Mutations in genes coding for antigen proteins can alter the structure of these proteins, making them less recognizable to the host's immune system.
This can lead to immune evasion, where the pathogen survives in the host despite an existing immune response.

Annual Flu Vaccination

Flu vaccines are updated yearly to match circulating strains, as influenza viruses frequently mutate, leading to antigenic drift.
The effectiveness of last year’s vaccine diminishes as new strains emerge, necessitating annual immunization for optimal protection.

Viral Replication in Host Cells

Viruses lack the machinery for replication and hence infiltrate host cells to harness their cellular mechanisms.
Once inside, the virus uses the host's ribosomes and enzymes to replicate its genetic material and produce viral proteins.

Activation of Viral DNA in Host Cells

Upon activation, viral DNA can hijack the host cell’s processes to produce new viral particles.
This activation can lead to cell lysis or other responses that can harm the host and facilitate the spread of the virus.

Role of Attachment Proteins in Viral Infections

Attachment proteins are critical for the initial interaction between a virus and its host cell, allowing the virus to bind securely and enter.
These proteins determine host range and tissue tropism, influencing the virus's ability to infect specific types of cells.

Description

Learn how genetic mutations in pathogens can affect the immune system response. Understand how changes in base sequences can lead to alterations in protein structure, impacting the ability of antibodies to detect and destroy pathogens.