34 Questions
Which of the following accurately describes the organization of genetic material during cell division?
The DNA molecules are packaged into chromosomes
Which of the following accurately describes the organization of genetic material in a cell's genome?
A genome consists of multiple DNA molecules in eukaryotes
What is the role of the centromere in the organization of genetic material during cell division?
To attach the sister chromatids
What is the function of cohesins in the organization of genetic material during cell division?
To attach the sister chromatids
During eukaryotic cell division, what is the process called that involves the division of the genetic material in the nucleus?
Mitosis
What is the term for the division of the cytoplasm during eukaryotic cell division?
Cytokinesis
Which type of cell division produces gametes?
Meiosis
What is the result of meiosis in terms of the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells compared to the parent cell?
The daughter cells have half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.
What are the structural components of DNA?
Nucleotides, nitrogenous bases, and sugars
Which nitrogenous bases are always equal to each other in DNA?
Adenine (A) and Thymine (T)
What technique did Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin use to study the molecular structure of DNA?
X-ray crystallography
What did James Watson and Francis Crick deduce from the images produced by Rosalind Franklin?
DNA is a double helix
What is the term for the two strands that make up the DNA molecule?
Double helix
Which nitrogenous bases pair with each other in DNA?
Adenine (A) with Thymine (T) and Guanine (G) with Cytosine (C)
What is responsible for all this diversity?
Genetic material
What is the cell's genome?
All the DNA in a cell
How are DNA molecules packaged in cells?
Into chromosomes
What is the function of cohesins?
To attach sister chromatids
What is the role of the centromere?
To closely attach sister chromatids
What is the result of cell division?
Continuity of life
What is the process called when DNA is replicated and chromosomes condense?
Preparation for cell division
What are the two sister chromatids attached by?
Cohesins
What are the chromatids called once they separate?
Chromosomes
What is the role of the centromere in cell division?
To separate sister chromatids
What is the purpose of meiosis?
The purpose of meiosis is to produce non-identical daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Describe the structure of DNA.
DNA is a polymer of nucleotides, consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group. It forms a double helix structure with two strands and a sugar-phosphate backbone.
How did Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin contribute to the understanding of DNA structure?
Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin used X-ray crystallography to study DNA structure. Franklin's images led to the discovery of DNA's helical structure.
What is the role of nitrogenous bases in DNA?
Nitrogenous bases, such as adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, pair together to form the genetic code in DNA.
What is the significance of the equal amount of adenine (A) and thymine (T) bases, and guanine (G) and cytosine (C) bases in DNA?
The equal amount of A and T bases, and G and C bases, ensures that DNA strands can easily separate during replication and transcription.
Explain the term 'double helix' in relation to DNA structure.
The term 'double helix' refers to the two strands of DNA that are twisted around each other to form a spiral shape.
What is the antiparallel arrangement in DNA?
The antiparallel arrangement refers to the opposite orientation of the two strands in DNA. One strand runs in the 5' to 3' direction, while the other runs in the 3' to 5' direction.
What would happen if thymine and cytosine swapped places in the DNA molecule?
Swapping thymine and cytosine would disrupt the complementary base pairing in DNA and lead to errors in genetic information.
What is the role of the sugar-phosphate backbone in DNA?
The sugar-phosphate backbone provides structural support and stability to the DNA molecule.
How does DNA replication transmit genetic information?
During DNA replication, the parental DNA strands serve as templates for the synthesis of new complementary strands, resulting in the transmission of genetic information to the daughter cells.
Test your knowledge on genetic material and its role in diversity with this quiz. Explore topics such as the organization of genetic material in cells, DNA's structural components, and how genetic material is distributed during mitosis.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
