20 Questions
Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information?
DNA
Water's unique properties essential to life include its role as a universal solvent. Which property is crucial for this role?
Universal solvent
What hypothesis suggests that RNA molecules could replicate themselves and catalyze chemical reactions before DNA and proteins?
RNA world hypothesis
Which of the following best describes the role of natural selection in the evolution of life on Earth?
It preserves advantageous mutations.
During which process is mRNA synthesized from a DNA template?
Transcription
What is the role of tRNA in the process of translation?
Carries amino acids to the ribosome
The experiment by Miller and Urey demonstrated that organic molecules could be synthesized from inorganic precursors under conditions simulating early Earth's atmosphere.
Early Earth's atmosphere.
Which gas was notably absent in the early Earth's atmosphere, according to scientific theories?
Oxygen
Phospholipid bilayers are crucial for cellular life because they form cell membranes.
Form cell membranes.
The fluid mosaic model describes the cell membrane as a double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins.
A double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins.
Mitochondria are thought to have originated from endosymbiosis with a prokaryotic organism.
Endosymbiosis with a prokaryotic organism.
The theory of endosymbiosis is primarily associated with the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts.
What critical characteristic allowed the macromolecules from which life evolved to replicate themselves?
The ability to replicate itself
Which molecule is capable of directing its own self-replication and catalyzing a number of chemical reactions, including its own replication?
RNA
What was the initial genetic system believed to be?
RNA-based
Through what processes do genes make proteins?
Transcription and translation
The first cell likely formed when self-replicating RNA was enclosed in what kind of protective membrane?
Phospholipid membrane
What is the role of the phospholipid membrane in the first cell?
It kept the cell contents safe and allowed self-reproduction.
Which of the following was a later development that replaced RNA as the main genetic material?
DNA
In what way does the document suggest phospholipids contributed to the evolution of early life forms?
By forming membranes that could contain and protect genetic material
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