Genetic Engineering Tools Quiz

A machine that spins samples at high speed to separate substances based on their densities.

An instrument that repeatedly heats and cools samples to amplify DNA segments using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction).

Small, cylindrical tubes used to hold and transport small volumes of liquid samples.

A technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or proteins based on size and charge.

Molecular scissors that cut DNA at specific sequences.

A device used in life science labs to visualize DNA and proteins.

Ultraviolet radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation with shorter wavelengths than visible light.

DNA and proteins are essential molecules in living organisms.

A viewing surface is a flat area that is used to place the DNA or protein samples.

A transilluminator is very sensitive to damage, so careful handling is crucial.

A technique used to separate molecules based on their densities by spinning them in a solution at a high speed.

The higher the density of a molecule, the further it will sediment (move towards the bottom) during centrifugation.

The speed and duration of the spin are critical factors that determine the effectiveness of separation.

The relative centrifugal force (RCF) is a standardized measurement used to compare centrifugation conditions across different centrifuges.

The specific DNA sequence recognized and cut by a restriction enzyme.

Short, single-stranded overhangs created by some restriction enzymes after cutting DNA.

A specific DNA sequence recognized by a restriction enzyme, with no overhangs created after cutting.

The process of introducing foreign DNA into a host organism, often using restriction enzymes to cut the DNA.

A machine that utilizes centrifugal force to separate components in a liquid or fluid by spinning the sample at high speeds.

Density refers to the mass of a substance per unit volume. Centrifuges separate components based on their density, with denser components settling at the bottom of the container.

A centrifuge is commonly used to separate blood components, like red blood cells and plasma, based on their different densities.

In a laboratory setting, centrifuges are crucial for separating cells from a culture medium, isolating DNA, and separating proteins and other biological molecules.

Centrifuges vary in size and speed, from small benchtop units to large, high-speed centrifuges used for specialized purposes like purifying viruses.

A laboratory device used to amplify DNA segments by repeatedly heating and cooling samples.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifies specific DNA sequences by repeatedly cycling through heating and cooling steps which denature, anneal, and extend DNA strands.

The thermal cycler allows for the precise control of temperature changes, essential for the three key stages of PCR: denaturation, annealing, and elongation.

The thermal cycler can also be used to perform other reactions that require specific temperatures, such as restriction enzyme digestion, a process of cutting DNA at specific sequences.

The use of a thermal cycler in diagnostic tests helps accelerate the results, allowing for faster identification of pathogens or genetic mutations.

The process of transferring genes from one organism to another.

Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen are credited with the first successful transgenesis experiment in 1973.

Transgenesis involves using various tools and techniques to modify genetic material within an organism.

Genetic engineering is the process of altering an organism's genetic makeup to achieve desired traits.

Transgenesis is a specific type of genetic engineering where genes are transferred from one organism to another.

Small, cylindrical tubes used to hold and transport small volumes of liquid samples, especially in biological and chemical research.

Microtubes are used to contain disrupted cells from which DNA is to be obtained during genetic engineering processes. This ensures that the DNA is not lost or contaminated and can be analyzed or manipulated effectively.

The process of disrupting cells to release their contents, including DNA, in a controlled manner.

The manipulated genetic material from a disrupted cell is often referred to as "disrupted cells".