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Questions and Answers
What is the initial step in the DNA modification process?
What is the initial step in the DNA modification process?
What term describes the function of a gene?
What term describes the function of a gene?
What do we call the DNA that comes from two sources?
What do we call the DNA that comes from two sources?
What is the role of restriction enzymes in DNA modification?
What is the role of restriction enzymes in DNA modification?
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Which of the following best describes the process of direct replacement of genes?
Which of the following best describes the process of direct replacement of genes?
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In the context of DNA modification, what is mutation?
In the context of DNA modification, what is mutation?
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Why are restriction enzymes referred to as 'scissor-like' enzymes?
Why are restriction enzymes referred to as 'scissor-like' enzymes?
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What is usually performed after DNA is cut into smaller pieces?
What is usually performed after DNA is cut into smaller pieces?
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What is the main purpose of genetic engineering?
What is the main purpose of genetic engineering?
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What are organisms modified through genetic engineering commonly referred to as?
What are organisms modified through genetic engineering commonly referred to as?
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In what year was the first genetically modified bacteria created?
In what year was the first genetically modified bacteria created?
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Which genetically modified organism was first sold commercially?
Which genetically modified organism was first sold commercially?
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Which of the following years marks the introduction of genetically modified food to the market?
Which of the following years marks the introduction of genetically modified food to the market?
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What type of genetically modified organism was introduced in 2003?
What type of genetically modified organism was introduced in 2003?
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Which genetic modification is NOT mentioned in the content as an early development?
Which genetic modification is NOT mentioned in the content as an early development?
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What is the main component of an organism's genome that genetic engineering targets?
What is the main component of an organism's genome that genetic engineering targets?
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What is the primary function of a restriction enzyme in genetic engineering?
What is the primary function of a restriction enzyme in genetic engineering?
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What are sticky ends in the context of DNA?
What are sticky ends in the context of DNA?
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What role does DNA ligase play in genetic engineering?
What role does DNA ligase play in genetic engineering?
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What genetic modification has been made to cabbage?
What genetic modification has been made to cabbage?
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After constructing a recombinant plasmid, what is the next step in genetic engineering?
After constructing a recombinant plasmid, what is the next step in genetic engineering?
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Which of the following is NOT a reason for genetically modifying crops?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for genetically modifying crops?
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Which statement best describes the action of restriction enzymes in plasmid manipulation?
Which statement best describes the action of restriction enzymes in plasmid manipulation?
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Which of the following best describes the characteristic of sticky ends?
Which of the following best describes the characteristic of sticky ends?
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What is the result of genetic modification in fast-growing salmon?
What is the result of genetic modification in fast-growing salmon?
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Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the joining of DNA fragments?
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the joining of DNA fragments?
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How has genetic modification affected methane production in cattle?
How has genetic modification affected methane production in cattle?
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What does bioluminescent imaging (BLI) primarily detect?
What does bioluminescent imaging (BLI) primarily detect?
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What is the end goal after inserting a gene of interest into a plasmid?
What is the end goal after inserting a gene of interest into a plasmid?
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Which is a concern regarding genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
Which is a concern regarding genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
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What benefit does the genetic engineering of crops NOT aim to achieve?
What benefit does the genetic engineering of crops NOT aim to achieve?
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What type of animals can be modified for novelty uses?
What type of animals can be modified for novelty uses?
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What is the primary reason bacteria are commonly used in genetic engineering?
What is the primary reason bacteria are commonly used in genetic engineering?
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What role does a restriction enzyme play in genetic engineering?
What role does a restriction enzyme play in genetic engineering?
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What is the purpose of DNA Ligase in genetic engineering?
What is the purpose of DNA Ligase in genetic engineering?
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Which process follows the insertion of the recombinant plasmid back into the bacterial cell?
Which process follows the insertion of the recombinant plasmid back into the bacterial cell?
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What products have been derived from genetically modified cyanobacteria?
What products have been derived from genetically modified cyanobacteria?
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What is a key benefit of using transgenic bacteria?
What is a key benefit of using transgenic bacteria?
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How do banana vaccines work according to the content?
How do banana vaccines work according to the content?
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What is the final outcome of inserting a gene of interest into another organism?
What is the final outcome of inserting a gene of interest into another organism?
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What is the primary role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
What is the primary role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
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What is meant by the term 'plasmid' in the context of DNA modification?
What is meant by the term 'plasmid' in the context of DNA modification?
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Which step follows after the DNA segments are cut by restriction enzymes?
Which step follows after the DNA segments are cut by restriction enzymes?
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In genetic engineering, what is the purpose of gene splicing?
In genetic engineering, what is the purpose of gene splicing?
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What is the function of DNA ligase in recombinant DNA technology?
What is the function of DNA ligase in recombinant DNA technology?
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What characteristic distinguishes plasmids from chromosomal DNA in bacteria?
What characteristic distinguishes plasmids from chromosomal DNA in bacteria?
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What is the 'gene of interest' in the context of recombinant DNA?
What is the 'gene of interest' in the context of recombinant DNA?
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What does it mean when it is said that plasmids act as vectors in genetic engineering?
What does it mean when it is said that plasmids act as vectors in genetic engineering?
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Study Notes
Genetic Engineering Overview
- Genetic engineering is the direct modification of an organism's genome, altering its traits.
- Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are created through genetic engineering.
History of GMO Development
- 1973: First genetically modified bacteria were created.
- 1974: Genetically modified mice were created.
- 1982: First commercial GMOs (insulin-producing bacteria) were developed.
- 1994: Genetically modified food (Flavr Savr tomatoes) became available.
- 2003: Genetically modified pets (GloFish) became available.
GMO Process
- Step 1: Extract DNA from cells.
- Step 2: Cut the extracted DNA into smaller pieces using restriction enzymes.
- Step 3: Combine the cut DNA with DNA from another organism.
- Step 4: Insert the combined DNA (recombinant DNA) into a living cell.
Gene Splicing
- Gene splicing is a process where scientists attach DNA segments from different organisms to existing DNA.
Recombinant DNA
- Recombinant DNA is DNA that has been combined from two or more sources.
What Recombinant DNA Does
- The recombinant DNA directs the production of proteins/traits from the new source.
GMO Concerns
- Potential risk to human health from consuming GMOs.
- Environmental and wildlife concerns related to GMOs.
- Increased pesticide/herbicide use may be a concern.
- Impact on farmer's health.
- Seed/pollen drift.
BioTechniques
- Biolistics: A technique using a "gene gun" to insert DNA into plant cells.
Engineering Animals
- Genetic engineering could solve problems by modifying animals.
Other GMO Applications
- Transgenic Bacteria: Bacteria modified to produce human-needed substances like insulin or clotting factors.
- Banana Vaccines: Bananas modified to contain virus proteins.
- Venomous Cabbage: Cabbages that are resistant to insects.
- Bioluminescent Animals: Animals that glow, useful for tracking proteins and identifying cells.
- Fast-Growing Salmon: Salmon with genes from other fish that promote faster growth.
- Less Smelly Cows (Methane Reduction): Modifying cattle to produce less methane.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of genetic engineering, from the history of GMO development to the processes involved in creating GMOs. Learn about the techniques used for gene splicing and recombinant DNA technology. Perfect for students looking to understand modern genetic manipulation.
