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Genetic Engineering Overview
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Genetic Engineering Overview

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@HandsDownAnemone

Questions and Answers

What is the main outcome of crossing a disease resistant plant with one that produces a lot of food?

  • A disease resistant plant that makes a lot of potatoes (correct)
  • A plant that produces fewer potatoes
  • An entirely different species of plant
  • A plant that is only resistant to pests

    • What is inbreeding primarily used for in dog breeds?

  • To eliminate recessive disorders
  • To maintain desired traits unique to each breed (correct)
  • To increase genetic variation
  • To create new species

    • Which of the following is a risk associated with inbreeding?

  • Creation of hybrid breeds
  • Increased chance of recessive genetic disorders (correct)
  • Higher chances of dominant genetic traits
  • Increased genetic variation

    • What does cloning entail?

    <p>Producing an exact genetic copy of an organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique characteristic of cloned organisms?

    <p>They have identical DNA to the parent organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What example demonstrates hybridization?

    <p>Liger, a combination of lion and tiger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is cloning initiated?

    <p>Taking a single cell and using it to grow a new individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a form of asexual reproduction?

    <p>Cloning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a restriction enzyme in gene splicing?

    <p>To cut the DNA at a specific sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a bacterial plasmid in gene splicing?

    <p>To easily manipulate circular DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is created when human insulin gene is combined with bacterial DNA?

    <p>Recombinant DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when a gene is transferred from one organism to another?

    <p>Transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for organisms whose DNA has been modified?

    <p>Transgenic Organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is human insulin considered preferable over pig insulin?

    <p>It is cheaper and has no side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique involves analyzing DNA using a gel?

    <p>Gel electrophoresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times might an individual's DNA be cut by a restriction enzyme depending on the presence of GGCC?

    <p>It varies for each individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of selective breeding?

    <p>To produce offspring with desired traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic engineering technique attempts to produce the best traits from two distinct organisms?

    <p>Hybridization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the organisms containing transferred DNA from another organism called?

    <p>Transgenic organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application of cloning in genetic engineering?

    <p>Generating identical organisms from a single parent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the process of gene splicing?

    <p>Cutting the insulin gene out of human DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of artificial selection?

    <p>Gene splicing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Angus cows in selective breeding?

    <p>Increased muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic engineering technique allows breeders to choose organisms to mate for specific traits?

    <p>Artificial selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using restriction enzymes in gene therapy?

    <p>To cut out disease-causing genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are viruses utilized in gene therapy?

    <p>They can insert good genes into host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments based on?

    <p>Size of the fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What charge does DNA possess, causing it to move during electrophoresis?

    <p>Negative charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique does NOT create recombinant DNA?

    <p>Cloning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final output of gel electrophoresis used for?

    <p>To visualize unique DNA fingerprints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In recombinant DNA technology, which of the following processes is natural?

    <p>Sexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of gel electrophoresis in forensic science?

    <p>To identify individuals based on unique DNA profiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between haploid and diploid cells?

    <p>Haploid cells contain genetic information from only one parent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of transferring the nucleus from a diploid body cell to an egg cell?

    <p>The egg cell now has a full set of chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of cloning?

    <p>Increased genetic diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary risk associated with cloning?

    <p>Cloning can lead to high failure rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes gene splicing?

    <p>Gene splicing transfers traits between different organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the cloning process described, what role does the surrogate mother play?

    <p>Gestating the cloned organism until birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential inefficient aspect of cloning?

    <p>A high percentage of cloning attempts do not succeed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has gene splicing been applied in medicine?

    <p>To produce human insulin in bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Genetic Engineering Overview

    • Genetic engineering involves altering the DNA of living organisms to create Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs).
    • Transgenic organisms have genes transferred from one species to another; for instance, bacteria can produce human insulin.

    Genetic Engineering Techniques

    • Artificial selection is the process of breeding organisms to achieve desired traits, including selective breeding, hybridization, and inbreeding.
    • Cloning produces exact genetic copies of organisms, typically through somatic cell nuclear transfer.
    • Gene splicing entails excising DNA from one organism and inserting it into another, making recombinant DNA.
    • Gel electrophoresis is used to analyze and compare DNA fragments.

    Artificial Selection

    • Selective breeding focuses on mating organisms with specific traits to enhance those traits in offspring.
    • Hybridization crosses individuals with distinct traits to combine desirable characteristics; examples include the Burbank potato (disease-resistant).
    • Inbreeding maintains desired traits within a breed but risks increasing genetic disorders owing to reduced genetic variation.

    Cloning

    • Cloning creates organisms that are genetically identical to another; the well-known example is Dolly the sheep, the first mammal cloned.
    • Cloning can produce organisms from a single parent cell, resulting in identical DNA but potentially different physical traits due to environmental factors.
    • Cloning has benefits like creating genetically identical organisms with desirable traits but poses risks such as decreased genetic diversity and high failure rates.

    Gene Splicing

    • Gene splicing removes specific genes from an organism and inserts them into another organism, leading to the production of genetically modified traits such as insulin production from bacteria.
    • Uses restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sequences and plasmids to facilitate the transfer of genes.
    • Benefits of gene splicing include lower-cost medical treatments and reduced side effects, as seen with human insulin produced by modified bacteria.

    Gel Electrophoresis

    • Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments to compare genetic material across organisms, useful in forensic science and paternity testing.
    • The technique involves cutting DNA with restriction enzymes, loading it into a gel, and applying an electric current to separate fragments by size.
    • Unique DNA patterns allow for the creation of DNA fingerprints, enabling differentiation between individuals.

    Recombinant DNA

    • Recombinant DNA involves combining DNA from two different organisms and can be created through various techniques such as selective breeding and gene splicing.
    • Cloning does not create recombinant DNA because it replicates existing DNA rather than combining genetic material from different sources.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of genetic engineering, where DNA is altered to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This quiz covers techniques such as artificial selection, cloning, and gene transfer, along with examples like insulin-producing bacteria. Test your knowledge on the processes and implications of genetic modification.

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