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Questions and Answers
What is the main outcome of crossing a disease resistant plant with one that produces a lot of food?
What is the main outcome of crossing a disease resistant plant with one that produces a lot of food?
What is inbreeding primarily used for in dog breeds?
What is inbreeding primarily used for in dog breeds?
Which of the following is a risk associated with inbreeding?
Which of the following is a risk associated with inbreeding?
What does cloning entail?
What does cloning entail?
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What is a unique characteristic of cloned organisms?
What is a unique characteristic of cloned organisms?
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What example demonstrates hybridization?
What example demonstrates hybridization?
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How is cloning initiated?
How is cloning initiated?
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What is a form of asexual reproduction?
What is a form of asexual reproduction?
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What is the role of a restriction enzyme in gene splicing?
What is the role of a restriction enzyme in gene splicing?
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What is the purpose of using a bacterial plasmid in gene splicing?
What is the purpose of using a bacterial plasmid in gene splicing?
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What is created when human insulin gene is combined with bacterial DNA?
What is created when human insulin gene is combined with bacterial DNA?
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What is the process called when a gene is transferred from one organism to another?
What is the process called when a gene is transferred from one organism to another?
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What term is used for organisms whose DNA has been modified?
What term is used for organisms whose DNA has been modified?
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Why is human insulin considered preferable over pig insulin?
Why is human insulin considered preferable over pig insulin?
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Which technique involves analyzing DNA using a gel?
Which technique involves analyzing DNA using a gel?
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How many times might an individual's DNA be cut by a restriction enzyme depending on the presence of GGCC?
How many times might an individual's DNA be cut by a restriction enzyme depending on the presence of GGCC?
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What is the primary goal of selective breeding?
What is the primary goal of selective breeding?
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Which genetic engineering technique attempts to produce the best traits from two distinct organisms?
Which genetic engineering technique attempts to produce the best traits from two distinct organisms?
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What do the organisms containing transferred DNA from another organism called?
What do the organisms containing transferred DNA from another organism called?
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What is a common application of cloning in genetic engineering?
What is a common application of cloning in genetic engineering?
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What is the first step in the process of gene splicing?
What is the first step in the process of gene splicing?
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Which of the following is NOT a method of artificial selection?
Which of the following is NOT a method of artificial selection?
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What is a key characteristic of Angus cows in selective breeding?
What is a key characteristic of Angus cows in selective breeding?
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Which genetic engineering technique allows breeders to choose organisms to mate for specific traits?
Which genetic engineering technique allows breeders to choose organisms to mate for specific traits?
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What is the primary purpose of using restriction enzymes in gene therapy?
What is the primary purpose of using restriction enzymes in gene therapy?
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Why are viruses utilized in gene therapy?
Why are viruses utilized in gene therapy?
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What does gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments based on?
What does gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments based on?
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What charge does DNA possess, causing it to move during electrophoresis?
What charge does DNA possess, causing it to move during electrophoresis?
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Which technique does NOT create recombinant DNA?
Which technique does NOT create recombinant DNA?
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What is the final output of gel electrophoresis used for?
What is the final output of gel electrophoresis used for?
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In recombinant DNA technology, which of the following processes is natural?
In recombinant DNA technology, which of the following processes is natural?
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What is the primary application of gel electrophoresis in forensic science?
What is the primary application of gel electrophoresis in forensic science?
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What is the main difference between haploid and diploid cells?
What is the main difference between haploid and diploid cells?
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What is the result of transferring the nucleus from a diploid body cell to an egg cell?
What is the result of transferring the nucleus from a diploid body cell to an egg cell?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of cloning?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of cloning?
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What is a primary risk associated with cloning?
What is a primary risk associated with cloning?
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Which statement accurately describes gene splicing?
Which statement accurately describes gene splicing?
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In the cloning process described, what role does the surrogate mother play?
In the cloning process described, what role does the surrogate mother play?
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What is one potential inefficient aspect of cloning?
What is one potential inefficient aspect of cloning?
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How has gene splicing been applied in medicine?
How has gene splicing been applied in medicine?
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Study Notes
Genetic Engineering Overview
- Genetic engineering involves altering the DNA of living organisms to create Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs).
- Transgenic organisms have genes transferred from one species to another; for instance, bacteria can produce human insulin.
Genetic Engineering Techniques
- Artificial selection is the process of breeding organisms to achieve desired traits, including selective breeding, hybridization, and inbreeding.
- Cloning produces exact genetic copies of organisms, typically through somatic cell nuclear transfer.
- Gene splicing entails excising DNA from one organism and inserting it into another, making recombinant DNA.
- Gel electrophoresis is used to analyze and compare DNA fragments.
Artificial Selection
- Selective breeding focuses on mating organisms with specific traits to enhance those traits in offspring.
- Hybridization crosses individuals with distinct traits to combine desirable characteristics; examples include the Burbank potato (disease-resistant).
- Inbreeding maintains desired traits within a breed but risks increasing genetic disorders owing to reduced genetic variation.
Cloning
- Cloning creates organisms that are genetically identical to another; the well-known example is Dolly the sheep, the first mammal cloned.
- Cloning can produce organisms from a single parent cell, resulting in identical DNA but potentially different physical traits due to environmental factors.
- Cloning has benefits like creating genetically identical organisms with desirable traits but poses risks such as decreased genetic diversity and high failure rates.
Gene Splicing
- Gene splicing removes specific genes from an organism and inserts them into another organism, leading to the production of genetically modified traits such as insulin production from bacteria.
- Uses restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sequences and plasmids to facilitate the transfer of genes.
- Benefits of gene splicing include lower-cost medical treatments and reduced side effects, as seen with human insulin produced by modified bacteria.
Gel Electrophoresis
- Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments to compare genetic material across organisms, useful in forensic science and paternity testing.
- The technique involves cutting DNA with restriction enzymes, loading it into a gel, and applying an electric current to separate fragments by size.
- Unique DNA patterns allow for the creation of DNA fingerprints, enabling differentiation between individuals.
Recombinant DNA
- Recombinant DNA involves combining DNA from two different organisms and can be created through various techniques such as selective breeding and gene splicing.
- Cloning does not create recombinant DNA because it replicates existing DNA rather than combining genetic material from different sources.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of genetic engineering, where DNA is altered to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This quiz covers techniques such as artificial selection, cloning, and gene transfer, along with examples like insulin-producing bacteria. Test your knowledge on the processes and implications of genetic modification.
