Genetic Engineering and Inheritance Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What role does E.coli play in genetic engineering?

E.coli is only used for producing proteins.

E.coli is commonly used because it is easy to grow and can take up foreign DNA. (correct)

E.coli is a virus used to alter genetic material.

E.coli cannot take up foreign DNA.

The heat shock process is designed to make bacterial membranes less permeable for plasmid entry.

False

What is the expected result of introducing the luminescent plasmid into E.coli?

Transformed bacteria will grow on ampicillin plates and glow.

What is the main purpose of genetic engineering?

To modify an organism's genetic material Signup and view all the answers

The _ and _ genes are responsible for the glow in the transformed E.coli.

Luciferin, Luciferase Signup and view all the answers

Sickle cell disease is considered a sex-linked trait.

False Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:

E.coli = A bacterium used in genetic engineering Heat Shock = A process that facilitates DNA entry into bacteria Ampicillin = An antibiotic used to select transformed bacteria Plasmid = A circular DNA molecule used for gene delivery Signup and view all the answers

What is produced by inserting the human gene for insulin into bacteria?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

A __________ is a small, circular DNA molecule found in bacteria that replicates independently of chromosomal DNA.

plasmid Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms to their correct definitions:

Restriction Enzymes = Proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences Recombinant DNA = Combination of DNA from different sources Protein Synthesis = Process of turning genes into proteins Antibiotic Resistance = Ability to survive despite the presence of antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is commonly used in genetic engineering to make cuts in DNA?

EcoR1 Signup and view all the answers

Sticky ends are created when restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences.

True Signup and view all the answers

During __________, DNA is transcribed into mRNA.

transcription Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lab 13: Genetic Engineering

Genetic engineering modifies an organism's genetic material by introducing new DNA.
Recombinant DNA combines DNA from different sources to create new genetic material.
Insulin production for diabetes patients is an example. The human gene for insulin is inserted into bacteria, which produce insulin for collection and use.
The final exam covers labs 11, 13, 1, and 5, excluding Biodiversity.
The final class is mandatory.
E. coli is used today, so students should avoid water.
Discovery Coast assignments and presentations are also required.

Sickle Cell Inheritance

Sickle cell inheritance is not sex-linked.
People can be carriers of the trait or have the disease.
Inheritance patterns are illustrated in a pedigree chart.
Phenotype probabilities are noted (e.g., one in four affected).

DNA and Genes

DNA contains genetic instructions using four bases (A, T, G, C).
Genes are segments of DNA with instructions for making proteins.
Proteins perform various bodily functions, created by reading gene sequences.

Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis turns genes into proteins.
Transcription is the process where DNA is transcribed into mRNA.
Translation is when mRNA is translated at ribosomes to form a protein.
The DNA sequence determines the amino acid order in a protein. This order defines the protein's function.

Investigation 1 - Protein Synthesis Activity

A puzzle simulates protein synthesis.
Lab manual directions are crucial.
A codon chart (Fig 13-3) is used for the activity.

What is a Plasmid?

A plasmid is a small, circular DNA molecule in bacteria.
It replicates independently of chromosomal DNA.
Plasmids are vectors for carrying foreign genes, like insulin genes, into bacteria.
Plasmids often carry antibiotic resistance genes, used as markers for successful transformations.

Restriction Enzymes

Restriction enzymes are proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences.
Sticky ends are created by the enzymes, aiding in inserting new DNA into plasmids.
EcoRI is a commonly used restriction enzyme designed to cut DNA without disrupting important genes.

Investigation 2 - Genetic Engineering Simulation

The activity involves cutting a plasmid and inserting the human insulin gene using restriction enzymes.
Students need to open a plasmid and insert a human gene (insulin).
Use the correct order (Green sheet: Human DNA, Yellow sheet: Bacterial plasmid DNA).
Two restriction enzymes are involved, and notes should be made about where cuts occur before cutting.
Students must select the correct restriction enzyme and then make their cuts.
Only one enzyme cuts both DNA strands.
Gray areas must remain intact (antibiotic resistance).

E. coli Overview

E. coli (Escherichia coli) is a common bacterium found in the intestines of humans and animals.
It's widely used in genetic engineering due to its easy growth and ability to take up foreign DNA.
E. coli replicates quickly, making it suitable for producing large quantities of a protein of interest after transformation.

Heat Shock Process

The heat shock process helps plasmids enter bacterial cells.
Bacteria are briefly exposed to heat, increasing cell membrane permeability, allowing plasmid DNA entry.
This is a pivotal step in genetic transformation for introducing new genes into bacteria.

Investigation 3 - Transformation of E. coli

This activity introduces the luminescent plasmid into E. coli using heat shock, then plates are made.
Luciferin and Luciferase are genes responsible for the glow, originally from fireflies.
Ampicillin resistance allows identification of bacteria that successfully took up the plasmid.
Only transformed bacteria grow on ampicillin plates and will glow.

Control and Experimental Setup (Illustration)

Control 1: No plasmid.
Control 2: No plasmid, but with ampicillin plates
Experimental: Plasmid, ampicillin plates
Results: The results show growth patterns on different plates (no ampicillin, ampicillin).

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz covers key concepts of genetic engineering, sickle cell inheritance, and the structure of DNA. You will explore how recombinant DNA is utilized in medical applications, as well as inheritance patterns observed in genetic traits. Prepare to deepen your understanding of genetics through various practical examples and topics.