Genetic Engineering and CRISPR-Cas9 Quiz

False (B)

Production of human insulin (Humulin)

<p>guide RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enables the transfer of genes to produce proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cas9 = Cuts DNA Guide RNA = Directs Cas9 to target DNA Spacer DNA = Corresponds to viral DNA sequences Repair Enzymes = Reconnects DNA strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To manipulate genes for practical applications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><em>Escherichia coli</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pest resistance = Increases pest resistance in plants Medical treatments = Produces proteins for disease treatment Waste cleaning = Genetically modifies bacteria for toxic waste cleanup Producing valuable chemicals = Mass-produces drugs for cancer treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isolate DNA, Combine DNA, Introduce into bacteria, Growth and Production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To carry genes and replicate independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To target specific DNA regions for amplification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guaranteed safety for all consumers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It separates DNA fragments based on size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>13</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systems biology is a method of studying whole biological systems by analyzing the interactions of its parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smaller fragments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>STRs = Short sequences of nucleotides that are repeated PCR = Technique used to amplify DNA Gel Electrophoresis = Process to separate DNA fragments based on size DNA Profiling = Creation of a DNA database from STR analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genomics = The study of the complete set of proteins in an organism. Proteomics = The study of the complete set of genes in an organism. Systems Biology = A method of studying biological systems by analyzing the interactions of its parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An electric field causes negatively charged DNA fragments to move through the gel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The DNA samples are from different individuals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine the complete nucleotide sequence of DNA molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Earl Washington's case (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store and analyze biological data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potatoes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genes that convert less healthy fatty acids to healthier omega-3 fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>goats</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insect resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Golden rice 2 = Helps prevent vitamin A deficiency Transgenic cattle = Increased muscle growth Salt-tolerant rice = Cultivation in harsher environments Transgenic pigs = Healthier fatty acid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hornless dairy cows</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To treat diseases by introducing new genes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infecting bone marrow cells with a harmless virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymerase Chain Reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymerase Chain Reaction = Technique for amplifying specific DNA segments Short Tandem Repeat Analysis = Identifies unique patterns in repeated DNA sequences Gel Electrophoresis = Separates DNA fragments based on size DNA Isolation = Prepares samples for analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infecting cells with a virus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They continually multiply and produce blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>21,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bird (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whole-genome shotgun method</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>autosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> = First organism sequenced <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> = Plant genome sequenced <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> = Roundworm genome sequenced <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> = Fruit fly genome sequenced</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determined more than 99% of the human genome sequence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moral implications of altering human genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Benefit: Could link crimes to perpetrators; Risk: Sacrifices genetic privacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>son</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genghis Khan = Central Asian male ancestry Niall of the Nine Hostages = Irish male ancestry Lemba people = Ancient Jewish ancestry Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act = Protection against genetic discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may create height-based discrimination. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For adaptation to changing environmental conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>conviction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A gene editing technology that modifies specific genes in living cells using a guide RNA and the Cas9 enzyme.

A sequence of RNA that is complementary to the target DNA and directs Cas9 to the right location.

An enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific location identified by the guide RNA.

A method that allows the combination of DNA from different sources to create new genetic combinations.

Human insulin produced by genetically modified bacteria to treat diabetes.

An enzyme that cuts DNA into fragments at specific sequences.

An enzyme that joins DNA fragments together by forming bonds between nucleotides.

A genetic technique to disable a gene, rendering it inactive.

Direct manipulation of genes for practical applications.

DNA created by combining DNA from different organisms.

Circular DNA molecules in bacteria used for cloning.

Four main steps: isolate DNA, combine DNA, introduce into bacteria, then grow.

Genes inserted into plants to protect against pests.

Producing proteins like insulin through genetic engineering.

Using genetically modified bacteria to clean toxic waste.

A technique used to separate DNA fragments based on size and charge.

Short Tandem Repeat analysis; a method for DNA profiling that examines specific regions.

A forensic technique that analyzes the unique patterns in DNA for identification purposes.

An example where STR analysis proved innocence after wrongful conviction.

A rapid and cost-effective method to sequence thousands of DNA fragments simultaneously.

The application of computer science to store and analyze biological data.

The likelihood that two individuals have the same DNA profile, ranging from 1 in 10 billion to trillions.

Using DNA profiling to solve historical questions about ancestry and identity.

Organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

Genetically engineered trait in crops that allows them to resist insect pests.

A genetically modified rice that produces beta-carotene, aiding in preventing vitamin A deficiency.

Animals that have been genetically modified to express desired traits, like producing beneficial proteins.

An antibacterial enzyme produced by transgenic goats in their milk.

The ability of genetically modified crops, like rice, to survive in high salinity environments.

Using genetically modified potatoes and rice to produce protein for vaccines.

Dairy cows genetically modified to naturally lack horns.

Polymerase Chain Reaction, a method to amplify DNA.

Short DNA sequences that initiate DNA replication during PCR.

Repeating sequences in DNA useful for profiling.

Locations in the genome where STRs are found for comparison.

Examination of DNA evidence in a crime scene investigation.

Examining different STRs to determine DNA similarity.

A treatment method that introduces new genes to cure diseases.

Cells that continuously multiply to produce blood cells, ideal for gene therapy.

A method to rapidly amplify DNA segments for analysis.

A method identifying unique short DNA sequence patterns in individuals.

The process of creating large DNA samples from small amounts for comparison.

The first step in DNA profiling, extracting DNA from samples.

The study of the complete set of genes in an organism.

The analysis of the complete set of proteins in an organism.

A method to study biological systems through interactions and parts analysis.

Concerns about the potential hazards of DNA technology, including harmful organisms.

A technique for sequencing genomes by chopping DNA, sequencing fragments, and reassembling them.

An international effort to sequence the entire human genome and identify all genes.

Comprises 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes with 3 billion nucleotide pairs.

Estimated to be around 21,000, which is relatively low for complex organisms.

A database that stores DNA sequences for numerous organisms, regularly updated.

Includes sequencing genomes of protists, fungi, plants, and animals.

Included the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae, yeast, roundworm, and fruit fly.

Stores genetic information that influence organismal characteristics during development.

Genomics helps understand the evolution of life and how organisms are related.

The moral considerations surrounding the use of human growth hormone to increase height in children.

The controversy over whether altering human genes is morally acceptable.

The practice of altering sperm or ova, which raises ethical questions.

Concerns related to the privacy of an individual's genetic information.

The 2014 ruling allowing DNA collection from suspects before conviction.

A law prohibiting discrimination based on genetic information in health insurance and employment.

The Y chromosome is passed from father to son and reveals male ancestry.

Studies show common Y DNA links to Genghis Khan among Central Asian males.

Y DNA studies suggest the Lemba of Africa are descendants of ancient Jews.

Genetic diversity is crucial for adaptation and evolution.