Genetic Engineering and Chromosomal Mutations
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Questions and Answers

What type of chromosomal mutation involves the loss of a DNA segment?

  • Inversion
  • Deletion (correct)
  • Translocation
  • Duplication

Which chromosomal mutation occurs when a segment is transferred to a non-homologous chromosome?

  • Inversion
  • Deletion
  • Translocation (correct)
  • Duplication

What is a characteristic outcome of unequal crossing-over during meiosis?

  • Gene sequences are lost from both chromosomes
  • Only duplications occur
  • One chromosome gains genes while the other loses them (correct)
  • Only inversions occur

What happens during an inversion mutation?

<p>A segment is rotated and then reinserted (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do restriction enzymes play in genetic engineering?

<p>They create sticky ends by cutting DNA at specific sequences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of combining a plasmid with a purified DNA fragment?

<p>To create recombinant DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens after recombinant DNA is formed?

<p>It is transferred to a bacterial cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins can be produced by bacteria after they receive recombinant DNA?

<p>Desired proteins like insulin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step follows the integration of DNA into a plasmid?

<p>Recombinant DNA is transferred to a bacterial cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bacteria in the context of recombinant DNA technology?

<p>To produce proteins or transfer gene copies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Deletion (Chromosomal Mutation)

A portion of a chromosome is removed.

Duplication (Chromosomal Mutation)

A segment of a chromosome is copied and added to the existing chromosome.

Translocation (Chromosomal Mutation)

A segment of a chromosome is moved to a different, non-homologous chromosome.

Inversion (Chromosomal Mutation)

A segment of a chromosome is flipped and reinserted.

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Unequal Crossing-over

Unequal crossing-over involves exchanging different-sized chromosome fragments during meiosis, leading to deletions on one chromosome and duplications on the other.

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Plasmid

A small, circular DNA molecule found in bacteria that can replicate independently of the main chromosome.

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Vector

A DNA molecule that can carry foreign genetic material into another cell.

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Integrating DNA into a plasmid

Introducing a foreign DNA fragment into a plasmid.

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Recombinant DNA

A plasmid containing foreign DNA that can be used to transfer genetic information into other organisms.

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Transfection

Transferring recombinant DNA into a bacterial cell.

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