Genetic Drift and Rare Genetic Diseases Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the total number of individuals in the population in the example provided?

  • 400
  • 200
  • 300
  • 250 (correct)

    • In the given population, what is the frequency of heterozygous individuals?

  • 0.37
  • 0.32
  • 0.58 (correct)
  • 0.1

    • What is the frequency of recessive alleles in the provided example?

  • 0.1
  • 0.15
  • 0.32
  • 0.61 (correct)

    • In a population in genetic equilibrium, what should be the frequency of dominant homozygotes according to Hardy-Weinberg principle?

    <p>0.15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the data provided, what conclusion can be drawn about the studied population?

    <p>It has more heterozygotes than expected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of alleles in the population according to Hardy-Weinberg principle if there are 100 individuals?

    <p>500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the situation when a significant decrease in population size occurs due to a founder's effect or a population bottleneck?

    <p>Genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the drastic reduction in population size due to environmental events like natural disasters or pandemics?

    <p>Bottleneck effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic principle involves the analysis of allele frequencies in a population to determine genotype frequencies?

    <p>Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of genetics, what is the term for the establishment of a stable set of allele frequencies in a population over generations?

    <p>Genetic equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can lead to the accumulation of disease-causing alleles over time in a population?

    <p>Founder's effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic characteristic does the South African porphyria in Afrikaners-Dutch settlers and achromatopsia in the Micronesian island of Pingelap represent?

    <p>Monogenic traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents the Hardy-Weinberg principle for a male population?

    <p>p+q=1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the formation of new alleles and can change the frequency of genes in a population?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can mutations have on the phenotype of an organism?

    <p>Negative effects, such as lowering vitality and fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents the Hardy-Weinberg principle for a female population?

    <p>p2+2pq+q2=1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mutations impact genetic diversity in a population?

    <p>Increase genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can lead to the fixation of a mutation in a population due to its adaptive properties?

    <p>Environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a panmictic population according to the provided text?

    <p>Large population size and random interbreeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What disrupts the genetic balance in a population as per the text?

    <p>Gene flow, mutation, selection, genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the Hardy-Weinberg principle, what does p represent?

    <p>Frequency of the dominant allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition that defines genetic equilibrium in a population?

    <p>$p + q = 1$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mathematical representation of heterozygotes in a population according to the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

    <p>$2pq$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does not disrupt genetic balance in a panmictic population?

    <p>Random interbreeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does heterozygosity measure in a population?

    <p>The proportion of heterozygotes in the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a panmictic population refer to?

    <p>A population with a common gene pool where random crossing occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of eliminating genotypes/phenotypes unfavorable in given environmental conditions called?

    <p>Negative selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a panmictic population, how do individuals cross with each other?

    <p>With no restrictions, ensuring free flow of genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Hardy-Weinberg principle describe?

    <p>The equilibrium of allele frequencies in a non-evolving population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does genetic equilibrium in a population indicate?

    <p>Absence of evolutionary forces affecting allele frequencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hardy-Weinberg's Principle

    • Can be used for traits linked with the X chromosome (X-linked inheritance) and multiple alleles
    • For a male population, the frequency of men showing the dominant trait P(XHY) = p, and the frequency of men showing a recessive trait P(XhY) = q
    • For a female population, P(XHXH) = p2, P(XHXh) = 2pq, P(XhXh) = q2

    Factors Disturbing Genetic Equilibrium

    • Mutations: cause the formation of new alleles, change the frequency of genes, and affect the phenotype and vitality
    • Mutations can lead to polymorphisms, affecting the genetic diversity of the population
    • Not all mutations are revealed in a generation, and not all will be passed on to next generations

    Population Genetics

    • The genome of modern species is a record of the changes that have occurred in the course of evolution
    • Comparing the frequency of alleles and genotypes in the studied population with the frequency calculated from the Hardy-Weinberg principle can determine if the population is in genetic equilibrium
    • Example: In a population of 250 individuals, the frequencies of individual genotypes can be calculated to determine if the population is in genetic equilibrium

    Genetic Drift

    • A special case of genetic drift is the founder's effect (e.g., migration of a small number of individuals and the creation of a new population)
    • The effect of "population bottleneck" (genetic bottleneck) can cause a significant decrease in population size, leading to a depleted genetic pool
    • This can lead to the accumulation of alleles that cause diseases

    Mendelian Population Model

    • Characterized by a very large population size, random interbreeding of all individuals, and lack of factors disrupting genetic balance
    • Allows for understanding the process of evolution of organisms, genes, and genomes, as well as assessment of biodiversity and running breeding programs for endangered species

    Genetic Equilibrium

    • The condition for genetic equilibrium is met when p + q = 1 and p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
    • The frequency of dominant and recessive alleles can be calculated to determine if the population is in genetic equilibrium
    • Heterozygosity (H) indicates the genetic diversity of the population

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    Chapter XIII -Medical Biology Genetics 2023-2024 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on genetic drift and the prevalence of rare genetic diseases in different populations. Explore how population size and genetic composition are interconnected across generations.

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