Genetic Code and Codon Properties

What happens when a single base pair insertion occurs in an mRNA sequence?

Which amino acid has the most number of codons specifying it?

How many of the 64 possible codons signal chain termination?

In what orientation do mRNA codons pair with tRNA anticodons?

What is the main reason for redundancy in the genetic code?

Which of the following is true about the genetic code?

What are the three main stages of bacterial protein synthesis?

What did Francis Crick propose in his adaptor hypothesis?

Which of the following is NOT a property of the genetic code?

What does a non-overlapping code mean in the context of the genetic code?

How many different aminoacyl tRNA synthetases are there?

What does 'degenerate' mean in relation to the genetic code?

What role do tRNAs play in protein synthesis?

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Which statement about the genetic code is correct?

Which process requires a large number of tRNA molecules?

The Genetic Code

A single base pair insertion alters the reading frame, resulting in a different sequence of amino acids
The genetic code is degenerate, meaning that there is redundancy but no ambiguity

Codon Properties

Codons are written in the 5'-3' direction
The 3rd base is less important in codon reading
Only Met and Trp have a single codon
Some codons are more abundant than others due to the availability of tRNAs

mRNA Codons and tRNA Anticodons

The codon sequence is complementary to the anticodon sequence
The codon in mRNA base pairs with the anticodon in tRNA via hydrogen bonding
The alignment of two RNA segments is antiparallel

Key Points of the Genetic Code

Each of the 20 amino acids in proteins is specified by one or more nucleotide triplets in mRNA
Of the 64 possible triplets, 61 specify amino acids and 3 signal chain termination
The code is non-overlapping, with each nucleotide part of a single codon
The genetic code is nearly universal, with the 64 triplets having the same meaning in all organisms

Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis occurs in a large macromolecular assembly called the ribosome
The process involves many proteins and several RNA molecules
It uses a large number of tRNAs that interact with mRNA
Each tRNA is charged with one of the 20 common amino acids by 20 different aminoacyl tRNA synthetases

The Triplet Code

The genetic code is a non-overlapping code, meaning that a sequence of three nucleotides can only be read once
This is in contrast to an overlapping code, where a sequence of three nucleotides can be read more than once

Antibiotics and Protein Synthesis

Antibiotics target ribosome sites during bacterial protein synthesis
The process of protein synthesis in bacteria can be divided into three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination

Learn about the genetic code, its properties, and how codons and tRNA anticodons work together. Understand the impact of base pair insertions and the redundancy of the genetic code.