Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the core idea of Lamarck's theory of evolution?
Which of the following best describes the core idea of Lamarck's theory of evolution?
- Species evolve through natural selection acting on random mutations.
- Species are created in their present form and do not evolve.
- Species change through time, with no extinctions, and inheritance of acquired characteristics. (correct)
- Species are immutable and do not change over time.
Aristotle's Scala Naturae proposed a static view of nature, with species arranged in a fixed hierarchy.
Aristotle's Scala Naturae proposed a static view of nature, with species arranged in a fixed hierarchy.
True (A)
What is the significance of binomial classification, as introduced by Linnaeus, in the context of evolutionary studies?
What is the significance of binomial classification, as introduced by Linnaeus, in the context of evolutionary studies?
modern taxonomy
According to Aristotle, the Scala Naturae represents a "Great chain of being" or the ______ or ladder of nature.
According to Aristotle, the Scala Naturae represents a "Great chain of being" or the ______ or ladder of nature.
Match the following scientists with their contribution to evolutionary thought before Darwin:
Match the following scientists with their contribution to evolutionary thought before Darwin:
What was the prevailing view in 18th-century Europe regarding the age of the Earth and the nature of species?
What was the prevailing view in 18th-century Europe regarding the age of the Earth and the nature of species?
Charles Darwin published his ideas on natural selection in 1838.
Charles Darwin published his ideas on natural selection in 1838.
According to Linnaeus, why were species "related"?
According to Linnaeus, why were species "related"?
According to Lamarck, species change through time (no _______).
According to Lamarck, species change through time (no _______).
Match the scientist with their contribution to the understanding of historical setting of evolution:
Match the scientist with their contribution to the understanding of historical setting of evolution:
Who is the author of the book 'Evolution' that is recommended for reading?
Who is the author of the book 'Evolution' that is recommended for reading?
'Evolution' by Douglas J. Futuyma was first published in 2013.
'Evolution' by Douglas J. Futuyma was first published in 2013.
What is the title of Brian K. Hall and Benedikt Hallgrimsson's book, which is recommended as reading material?
What is the title of Brian K. Hall and Benedikt Hallgrimsson's book, which is recommended as reading material?
Linnaeus' book regarding modern taxonomy is titled ______ _______.
Linnaeus' book regarding modern taxonomy is titled ______ _______.
Match the following concepts of evolution:
Match the following concepts of evolution:
Which concept did Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire contribute, in the historical setting of evolution?
Which concept did Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire contribute, in the historical setting of evolution?
Lamarck thought that species do not change through time.
Lamarck thought that species do not change through time.
What does Scala Naturae translate to?
What does Scala Naturae translate to?
Existing species are descended from ______ ancestors.
Existing species are descended from ______ ancestors.
Match the theorists with their ideas before Darwin.
Match the theorists with their ideas before Darwin.
Flashcards
What is Microevolution?
What is Microevolution?
Evolution viewed as a process involving short-term changes within populations.
What is Macroevolution?
What is Macroevolution?
Evolution viewed as the history of major evolutionary changes over long periods.
What is Scala Naturae?
What is Scala Naturae?
Aristotle's concept of a "Great chain of being" or ladder of nature, representing ordered gradation.
What is Systema Naturae?
What is Systema Naturae?
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What is Philosophie Zoologique?
What is Philosophie Zoologique?
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What is Inheritance of acquired characteristics?
What is Inheritance of acquired characteristics?
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Study Notes
- GENET-411: Theories of Evolution
- Presented by Fouad M. Qureshi
Recommended Reading
- "Evolution" by Stephen Stearns and Rolf Hoekstra, published by Oxford University Press.
- "Evolution" by Douglas J. Futuyma, published by Sinauer Associates Incorporated
- Editions from 2005 to 20
- "Strickberger's Evolution" by Brian K. Hall and Benedikt Hallgrimsson, published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Evolution
- Micro-evolution refers to the process.
- Macro-evolution refers to history.
Development of Evolutionary Concept
- GENET 411: Theories of Evolution
Evolution Before Darwin
- Aristotle (384-322 BC): Scala Naturae
- Defined as the "Great chain of being" or the scale/ladder of nature.
- Described as ordered gradation from inanimate to barely animate, then plants/invertebrates, and finally to higher forms.
- Linnaeus: Systema Naturae (1735)
- Defined Binomial classification or modern taxonomy
- Classified "related" species into genera, and "related" genera into orders, and so forth.
- He connected "relatedness" to the Creator's design, as noted in Futuyma, pages 4 and 17.
- Lamarck: Philosophie Zoologique (1809)
- Species change through time, but no extinction occurs.
- Inheritance of acquired characteristics.
Evolutionary Thought
- Elements date back to Aristotle, with essential development in the 19th century.
- End of the 18th Century beliefs in Europe:
- The earth is thousands of years old.
- Species are created as they look now, never changing.
- Everything created is still around and can be found somewhere on earth.
- Adaptations are produced by divine intervention.
The Historical Setting by 1859
- Charles Lyell (1810-33): The earth is very, very old.
- Baron George Cuvier (1807-32): Fossils represent extinct species.
- Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (debate with Cuvier, 1830): Existing species are descended from shared ancestors, relationships are inferred through homology.
- Charles Darwin (1838): Adaptations are produced by natural selection.
- Notes published as a paper in 1858, and as a book in 1859.
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