Genes and Mental Disorders

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Questions and Answers

According to the text, which of the following is NOT a physical characteristic that is influenced by our genetic makeup?

  • Height (correct)
  • Colour of eyes
  • Pigmentation of the skin
  • Straight or curly hair

According to the text, which of the following is true about characteristics and differences that emerge later in life?

  • They are the product of maturation (correct)
  • They are determined by genetics
  • They are a result of nurture
  • They are influenced by exposure and learning

According to the text, extreme nativists believe that individual differences are due to:

  • Environmental factors
  • Exposure and learning
  • Unique genetic code (correct)
  • Maturation

According to the text, extreme environmentalists believe that characteristics and differences that emerge through infancy and childhood are the result of:

<p>Exposure and learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, Bandura's social learning theory states that aggression is learned from the environment through:

<p>Observation and imitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, Skinner believed that language is learned from other people via:

<p>Exposure and learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, most psychological researchers are interested in investigating the ways in which nature and nurture:

<p>Interact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Complex issues can be systematically organized for preventive programs.

<p>True (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: No one theory of human development is universally accepted.

<p>True (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Vygotsky's sociocultural theory focused on?

<p>Emphasis on social interaction in development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?

<p>The distance between the actual developmental level and the level of potential development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Vygotsky, how can skills and strategies be developed?

<p>Through interaction with peers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature versus nurture debate in psychology concerned with?

<p>The extent to which behavior is influenced by genetics or acquired characteristics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Simple physical characteristics, such as height, are almost totally determined by genetics.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors are required for a mental disorder to develop, according to psychopathology?

<p>A genetic predisposition and an appropriate environmental trigger (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are teratogens?

<p>Agents that can cause birth defects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence the effect of teratogens?

<p>Timing of exposure, intensity and duration of exposure, number of other harmful influences, and biogenic vulnerability of mother and baby (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental factors are harmful to prenatal development?

<p>Age of mothers, domestic violence, weight gain, cigarettes, alcohol, drugs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can the mother do to ensure the well-being of the fetus?

<p>Know the risk factors, rest, exercise, personal hygiene, effective use of the health care system, prenatal care, and diet and nutrition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must recessive genes be paired with in order to be expressed?

<p>Another recessive gene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In genetics, what is the term for alternate genetic forms that can produce alternative expressions of a characteristic?

<p>Alleles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major medication used during childbirth that has no reported negative effects on the baby?

<p>Spinal anesthesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Apgar scale?

<p>To assess the overall health of newborns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: The brain controls an infant's states of sleep and wakefulness.

<p>True (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Newborn infants sleep an average of 16 hours per day.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: With physical maturation, there is eventually less night time fussiness with infants.

<p>True (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Non-REM sleep?

<p>A period of deep sleep with regular breathing and limper muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is REM sleep?

<p>A period of active sleep with rapid eye movements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Newborn infants are able to see but lack visual acuity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Infants show a preference for human faces.

<p>True (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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