Genetics and Environment in Psychology

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the key components of the crime reporting system in Malaysia?

Government Integrated Radio Network (correct)

Community Engagement Initiatives

Emergency Response Teams

Neighborhood Watch Programs

What role does the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) play in Malaysia's crime data collection?

Centralized data collection and analysis (correct)

Manages the police academy

Conducts national security operations

Provides rehabilitation services

Which method is NOT a part of the data collection for crime statistics in Malaysia?

Community Gender Profiling (correct)

PDRM hotlines

Police Reports filed at local stations

Online Reporting System

What is the primary responsibility of the Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM) concerning crime in Malaysia?

Accurate crime reporting and analysis Signup and view all the answers

Why are accurate crime statistics important for the Malaysian government?

For policy-making and legislation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is used by PDRM for non-emergency reporting?

Non-emergency police hotline Signup and view all the answers

What type of programs do Rukun Tetangga initiatives focus on?

Neighborhood Crime Prevention Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of understanding the interplay between genetics and environment in criminology?

It informs effective prevention and intervention strategies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Reality Monitoring (RM)?

To determine the genuineness of a memory. Signup and view all the answers

Which technique specifically uses facial expressions to detect hidden emotions?

Facial Action Coding System (FACS) Signup and view all the answers

What does Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA) evaluate?

Indicators of truthfulness in verbal statements. Signup and view all the answers

Layered Voice Analysis (LVA) focuses on which aspect of the suspect's response?

Voice tone, pitch, and emotional layers. Signup and view all the answers

In what type of cases is Reality Monitoring (RM) most commonly applied?

Burglary cases where sensory details matter. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is known for analyzing voice stress during an interview?

Layered Voice Analysis (LVA) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key indicator of truthfulness evaluated by CBCA?

The coherence and logical structure of the narrative. Signup and view all the answers

What primary aspect does forensic psychology focus on?

The psychological aspects of criminal behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Cognitive Interviewing in criminal investigations?

To extract information while respecting interviewee rights Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is known for using brain scans to identify patterns of brain activity associated with deception?

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of risk assessment in sentencing?

It promotes efficient resource allocation. Signup and view all the answers

What does the P300 response in an Electroencephalogram (EEG) indicate?

Recognition of crime-related information Signup and view all the answers

How does Voice Stress Analysis (VSA) suggest deception?

Through analyzing voice frequency changes Signup and view all the answers

How can risk assessments aid in the supervision of parolees?

By tailoring supervision levels based on reoffending risk. Signup and view all the answers

What does Micro Expressions Analysis focus on during an interrogation?

Brief, involuntary facial expressions Signup and view all the answers

What challenge exists in the application of risk assessments?

They may lead to biases in decision-making. Signup and view all the answers

What social risk factor may impact victimization rates?

Social isolation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a method used for detecting deception in suspects?

Subjective opinion of investigators Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a situational risk factor for victimization?

Living in a high-crime area. Signup and view all the answers

In what context is an EEG typically used in criminal investigations?

To measure brainwave responses to crime-related stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Which element is essential in the process of using fMRI for detecting deception?

Asking crime-related questions during scanning Signup and view all the answers

Which type of factor relates to mental health conditions in the context of victimization risk?

Psychological risk factors. Signup and view all the answers

How do risk assessments contribute to informed decision-making in sentencing?

They help judges craft sentences based on objective data. Signup and view all the answers

What ethical concern is associated with risk assessment tools?

They might contain inherent biases affecting fairness. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of risk assessment in criminology and psychology?

To assess the likelihood and severity of potential risks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes actuarial risk assessment?

Utilizes large datasets and statistical algorithms Signup and view all the answers

What does structured professional judgment combine?

Elements of both actuarial and clinical risk assessments Signup and view all the answers

Which theoretical framework is NOT mentioned as part of the risk assessment process?

Cognitive behavioral theory Signup and view all the answers

In what historical context did risk assessment first develop?

Criminology and psychology Signup and view all the answers

What is a major advantage of clinical risk assessment?

Involves comprehensive evaluations from trained professionals Signup and view all the answers

Which field has risk assessment NOT expanded into?

Sports analytics Signup and view all the answers

How do HRV monitors assist in post-mortem investigations?

They evaluate stress levels prior to death Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Implications for Prevention and Intervention

Understanding genetics and environment helps in psychological and criminological prevention strategies.
Education for parents and caregivers fosters safe, nurturing environments for at-risk children.
Therapy addressing both psychological and environmental influences is crucial for interventions.

Rehabilitation versus Punishment in Criminology

Rehabilitation programs focus on recovery and reintegration of offenders rather than punitive measures.
Alternative incarceration approaches aim to reduce recidivism and promote societal reintegration.

Defining and Measuring Crime: The Uniform Crime Reporting System

Crime measurement is vital for grasping criminal activities in Malaysia.
Accurate statistics inform resource allocation for the Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM) and support policymaking.
Malaysia's crime reporting system is specifically tailored to its societal context.

Crime Reporting System in Malaysia

Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM) have primary responsibility for crime data collection.
Key components include the Police Reporting System (PRS), Government Integrated Radio Network (GIRN), and Malaysian Crime Prevention Foundation (MCPF).
Data is centralized and analyzed by the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) of PDRM.

Data Collection Methods

Police reports are filed in local stations and through online systems for specific offenses.
PDRM operates hotlines: 999 for emergencies and 03-2031 9999 for non-emergencies.
Community policing initiatives like Rukun Tetangga engage citizens in crime awareness.

Crime Classifications in Malaysia

Criminal investigations rely on accurate interviews and evidence gathering, including witness statements and suspect interrogations.
Techniques used include Cognitive Interviewing and professional assessments like the Reid Technique.

Deceptive Behavior Detection Methods

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) detects lies through brain activity patterns associated with deception.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) measures brainwave responses to recognize knowledge of crime-related information.
Voice Stress Analysis (VSA) analyzes vocal changes to identify stress and possible deceit.
Micro Expressions Analysis employs Facial Action Coding System (FACS) to detect involuntary facial expressions indicating emotions.
Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA) assesses narrative credibility, focusing on detail coherence and spontaneity.

Research Methods in Forensic Psychology

Research encompasses psychological behavior, jury decision-making, and crime profiling.
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) monitors help establish causality in stress-related deaths.

Risk Assessment in Criminology and Psychology

Risk assessment identifies potential hazards related to criminal behavior and psychological evaluations.
It stems from criminology and has expanded to various fields, including mental health.

Theoretical Frameworks of Risk Assessment

Frameworks like psychopathy and social learning theory underpin risk assessment methodologies.
Focus on individual characteristics, social dynamics, and environmental influences.

Methods of Risk Assessment

Actuarial risk assessment uses statistical algorithms to estimate risk likelihood.
Clinical risk assessment combines professional judgment with individual evaluations to determine risk.
Structured professional judgment merges actuarial and clinical approaches for personalized assessments.

Risk Assessment in Parole and Probation

Guides decisions on offender release and community reintegration based on risk analysis.
Challenges include accuracy in prediction and potential biases in assessment tools.

Risk Assessment in Victims

Victimization risk is evaluated using demographic factors like age, gender, and socio-economic status.
Psychological risks include mental health issues, while behavioral factors involve risky activities.
Situational risk factors, such as unsafe environments, influence the likelihood of becoming a victim.

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Description

This quiz explores the critical implications of the interplay between genetics and environment for prevention and intervention in psychology and criminology. It discusses how educating caregivers can create nurturing environments and the role of therapy in addressing predispositions to criminal behavior.