Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of the 'Sacrifice Condition' manipulation?
What is the primary focus of the 'Sacrifice Condition' manipulation?
- To analyze differences in clothing styles across generations.
- To compare current lifestyles with those of previous generations.
- To encourage reflection on current fashion choices.
- To prompt thinking about the sacrifices made by past generations. (correct)
Increased gratitude toward past generations is associated with a decreased willingness to make financial sacrifices for environmental issues.
Increased gratitude toward past generations is associated with a decreased willingness to make financial sacrifices for environmental issues.
False (B)
What is the key assumption linking pro-environmental behavior with sacrifices for future generations?
What is the key assumption linking pro-environmental behavior with sacrifices for future generations?
Pro-environmental behavior is a sacrifice for future generations
General gratitude, as opposed to gratitude specifically towards past generations, has been shown to produce ______ effects regarding concern for future generations.
General gratitude, as opposed to gratitude specifically towards past generations, has been shown to produce ______ effects regarding concern for future generations.
Match the concepts with their descriptions:
Match the concepts with their descriptions:
According to Aristotle, why is it difficult for humans to survive without others?
According to Aristotle, why is it difficult for humans to survive without others?
Give an example of how individuals might alter their behavior to avoid being rejected by others.
Give an example of how individuals might alter their behavior to avoid being rejected by others.
The 'chameleon effect' is related to the idea of ______ others' behavior.
The 'chameleon effect' is related to the idea of ______ others' behavior.
Match the following:
Match the following:
What is the primary distinction between descriptive and injunctive norms?
What is the primary distinction between descriptive and injunctive norms?
Injunctive norms are less influential than descriptive norms in situations where social sanctions and punishments are present.
Injunctive norms are less influential than descriptive norms in situations where social sanctions and punishments are present.
Name one element that makes injunctive norms potent.
Name one element that makes injunctive norms potent.
Descriptive norms provide information about what is considered ______ within a group or society.
Descriptive norms provide information about what is considered ______ within a group or society.
In Asch's (1951) line experiment, what percentage of subjects conformed to the incorrect majority at least some of the time?
In Asch's (1951) line experiment, what percentage of subjects conformed to the incorrect majority at least some of the time?
In Asch's line experiment, at least 75% of participants refused to agree on any incorrect group judgements.
In Asch's line experiment, at least 75% of participants refused to agree on any incorrect group judgements.
In Asch's experiment, state one reason why subjects conformed to the group's incorrect judgements.
In Asch's experiment, state one reason why subjects conformed to the group's incorrect judgements.
Deviation from social norms can place individuals in a potentially ______ situation where they risk exclusion.
Deviation from social norms can place individuals in a potentially ______ situation where they risk exclusion.
What is the primary goal of normative messaging?
What is the primary goal of normative messaging?
Subjective social norms (perception) hold less influence on behavior than objective social norms (reality).
Subjective social norms (perception) hold less influence on behavior than objective social norms (reality).
Clarify how normative messaging functions.
Clarify how normative messaging functions.
[Blank] of social norms in increasing behaviors that benefit society is called normative messaging.
[Blank] of social norms in increasing behaviors that benefit society is called normative messaging.
Match the terms to their descriptions:
Match the terms to their descriptions:
What are the two main types of normative messaging?
What are the two main types of normative messaging?
Social norms marketing involves providing individuals with information about themselves as well as their peers.
Social norms marketing involves providing individuals with information about themselves as well as their peers.
Briefly describe the information presented in personalized normative feedback.
Briefly describe the information presented in personalized normative feedback.
Presenting information about social norms, typically with a high incidence of desirable behaviors among others, is known as ______ marketing.
Presenting information about social norms, typically with a high incidence of desirable behaviors among others, is known as ______ marketing.
Match the following types of Normative Marketing
Match the following types of Normative Marketing
What best describes personalized normative feedback?
What best describes personalized normative feedback?
Personalized normative feedback is not that powerful despite being labor intensive.
Personalized normative feedback is not that powerful despite being labor intensive.
What is a Personalized Normative Feedback user likely to see of their neighbors?
What is a Personalized Normative Feedback user likely to see of their neighbors?
Personalized normative feedback provides social ______ to the user.
Personalized normative feedback provides social ______ to the user.
What describes a potential issue with personalized normative feedback?
What describes a potential issue with personalized normative feedback?
Boomerang effects involve users conforming to social terms and decreasing their good behaviors.
Boomerang effects involve users conforming to social terms and decreasing their good behaviors.
What is a Boomerang Effect?
What is a Boomerang Effect?
Encouraging and providing social ______ on good behaviors is a way of preventing the boomerang effects.
Encouraging and providing social ______ on good behaviors is a way of preventing the boomerang effects.
Match the definition:
Match the definition:
In the context of the 'Towel Study', reusing towels resulted in:
In the context of the 'Towel Study', reusing towels resulted in:
In the 'Towel Study', providing false information can be ethical to provide social norms.
In the 'Towel Study', providing false information can be ethical to provide social norms.
Flashcards
Need to Belong
Need to Belong
A fundamental human need to be accepted and included by others.
Descriptive Norms
Descriptive Norms
What most others commonly do; provides information about adaptive behavior in novel situations.
Injunctive Norms
Injunctive Norms
What most others approve or disapprove of; provides moral standards with potential social sanctions.
Why follow social norms?
Why follow social norms?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Normative Messaging
Normative Messaging
Signup and view all the flashcards
Personalized Normative Feedback
Personalized Normative Feedback
Signup and view all the flashcards
Boomerang Effect
Boomerang Effect
Signup and view all the flashcards
Social Norms Marketing
Social Norms Marketing
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pluralistic Ignorance
Pluralistic Ignorance
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
- First Take-Home Quiz had high average scores of > 8.6.
- In Week 6, there will be a tutorial quiz which is closed-book.
- The Week 6 quiz will include material from Weeks 1-5.
- The format includes T/F, MCQ, FIB, and short answer/essay questions
Control vs. Sacrifice Conditions
- The Control Condition prompts reflection on fashion choices of past generations and how they differ from your own.
- The Sacrifice Condition prompts consideration of sacrifices made by past generations and how those sacrifices have benefited you.
- Aims to understand what this manipulation tries to do.
Gratitude
- Gratitude towards past generations is measured by agreement with statements:
- Feeling thankful for sacrifices made by past generations, rated on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).
- Acknowledging that the current lifestyle is only possible due to past sacrifices.
- Financial sacrifice for the environment is measured by agreement with statements:
- Willingness to give part of income if it would address environmental issues, rated on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree).
- Agreement to an increase in taxes if the extra money would address environmental issues.
- Pro-environmental behavior is a sacrifice for future generations.
- Engaging in pro-environmental behaviors for egoistic reasons may not produce the same sense of obligation.
- General gratitude is indicated by thinking about the good in ones' life
- General gratitude leads to a sense of obligation for future generations, such as feeling concern for their welfare.
- Those who feel gratitude frequently show more responsibility towards future generations along with pro-environmental attitudes.
Social Animals
- Humans are social animals, as stated by Aristotle.
- It's not easy to survive without others.
- A fundamental human need is to be accepted and included.
- People avoid rejection from others by being attentive to others' behavior, mimicking others' behavior (e.g., through the Chameleon Effect), and conforming to social norms.
Social Norms
- Descriptive norms involve what most others commonly do and provides information about what is adaptive and effective
- Descriptive norms are powerful in novel and uncertain situations
- Injunctive Norms involve what most others approve/disapprove of (what is moral) and provides moral standards
- Because of social sanctions and punishments, injunctive norms are powerful
Asch's (1951) Line Experiment
- Subjects conformed to the incorrect majority 37% of the time.
- 50% of participants conformed at least half the time.
- 25% refused to agree on any incorrect group judgments.
- People follow social norms to avoid being disliked and rejected, as deviation can lead to exclusion from important groups.
Normative Messaging
- It presents information about social norms to increase behaviors that benefit society, such as energy saving.
- Subjective social norms (perception) are more powerful than objective social norms (reality).
- Normative messaging influences subjective norms.
Personalized Normative Feedback
- This involves providing people with information about themselves and their peers and social comparison.
- Social Norms Marketing is presenting information about social norms, highlighting the high incidence of desirable behaviors, and fixing misperceptions of social norms.
- Personalized Normative Feedback Steps:
- Each individual's information is collected such as energy consumption.
- Average information, like the average energy usage of neighbors, is collected and calculated.
- This information is presented together.
- The "Boomerang Effect" is when those who are doing better than their peers may conform to the norms, decreasing their positive behaviors by increasing energy consumption
- Giving social approval for good behavior can help reduce the Boomerang Effect.
Social Norms Marketing
- Easy way to disseminate messaging to a large population
- People underestimate the prevalence of a good behavior
- In hotels "Almost 75% of guests who are asked to participate in our new resource savings program do help by using their towels more than once"
- Reusing towels:
- Standard Condition: "HELP SAVE THE ENVIRONMENT. You can show your respect for nature and help save the environment by reusing your towels during your stay."
- Norm Condition: "JOIN YOUR FELLOW GUESTS IN HELPING TO SAVE THE ENVIRONMENT. Almost 75% of guests who are asked to participate in our new resource savings program do help by using their towels more than once."
- Towel reusage rate:
- Standard condition: 35.1%
- Norm condition: 44.1%
- With low levels of positive behavior, one challenge is asking if it's ethical to provide false information about social norms.
How Normative Messages Work
- Norm activation: norms work more powerfully when they are salient in people's minds.
- Norm correction fixes misperceptions with help from normative information and follows the right norms. Pluralistic ignorance: an incorrect perception of social norms (who would reuse the towels in hotels?)
- From social pressure there is a need to belong to social groups and to follow the presented social norms not to be rejected by the groups
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
