Podcast
Questions and Answers
In OCD, what are compulsions primarily used for?
In OCD, what are compulsions primarily used for?
What is the primary characteristic of obsessions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
What is the primary characteristic of obsessions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
What type of compulsion in OCD involves repetitive or excessive washing to prevent contamination?
What type of compulsion in OCD involves repetitive or excessive washing to prevent contamination?
Which type of obsession in OCD involves fears of offending God?
Which type of obsession in OCD involves fears of offending God?
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In OCD, a compulsion to put things in a certain order is associated with which type of obsession?
In OCD, a compulsion to put things in a certain order is associated with which type of obsession?
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Which best describes the purpose of checking rituals in OCD?
Which best describes the purpose of checking rituals in OCD?
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Which type of panic attack is associated with specific situations where panic is likely to occur?
Which type of panic attack is associated with specific situations where panic is likely to occur?
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What is a future-oriented mood state characterized by apprehension about the unknown?
What is a future-oriented mood state characterized by apprehension about the unknown?
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Which term refers to an abrupt experience of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms like heart palpitations and dizziness?
Which term refers to an abrupt experience of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms like heart palpitations and dizziness?
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What is characterized by muscle tension, mental agitation, fatigue, irritability, and difficulty sleeping?
What is characterized by muscle tension, mental agitation, fatigue, irritability, and difficulty sleeping?
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Which disorder involves a strong tendency to avoid or escape, along with an immediate fight or flight response to danger or threat?
Which disorder involves a strong tendency to avoid or escape, along with an immediate fight or flight response to danger or threat?
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What is characterized by focusing one’s attention being difficult, with the mind quickly switching from crisis to crisis?
What is characterized by focusing one’s attention being difficult, with the mind quickly switching from crisis to crisis?
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What is the defining characteristic of Specific Phobias?
What is the defining characteristic of Specific Phobias?
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Which type of phobia is characterized by a vasovagal response to blood, injury, or injection?
Which type of phobia is characterized by a vasovagal response to blood, injury, or injection?
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In which disorder do individuals experience marked fear or anxiety in social or performance situations?
In which disorder do individuals experience marked fear or anxiety in social or performance situations?
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What is the distinguishing feature of Selective Mutism?
What is the distinguishing feature of Selective Mutism?
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Which response is associated with the blood-injury-injection type of Specific Phobia?
Which response is associated with the blood-injury-injection type of Specific Phobia?
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Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) are particularly anxious when:
Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) are particularly anxious when:
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Study Notes
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- In OCD, the dangerous event is a thought, image, or impulse that the client attempts to avoid.
- Obsessions are intrusive and mostly nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges that the individual tries to resist or eliminate.
- Compulsions are thoughts or actions used to suppress the obsessions and provide relief.
Types of Obsessions and Compulsions
Symmetry
- Refers to keeping things in perfect order or doing something in a specific way.
- Examples: needing things to be symmetrical or aligned just so, urges to do things over and over until they feel “just right”.
- Compulsion: putting things in a certain order, repeating rituals.
Forbidden Thoughts or Actions
- Examples: fears, urges to harm self or others, fears of offending GOD.
- Compulsion: checking rituals, serves to prevent an imagined disaster or catastrophe, avoidance, and repeated requests for assurance.
Cleaning and Contamination
- Examples: Germs, fears of germs or contamination.
- Compulsion: repetitive or excessive washing, using gloves, masks to do daily tasks.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
- Characterized by muscle tension, mental agitation, and susceptibility to fatigue, some irritability, and difficulty sleeping.
- Focusing one's attention is difficult, as the mind quickly switches from crisis to crisis.
- DSM-5 criteria specify that at least 6 months of excessive anxiety and worry must be ongoing more days than not.
Agoraphobia
- Fear and avoidance of situations in which a person feels unsafe or unable to escape to get home or to a hospital in the event of a developing panic symptoms or other physical symptoms.
- DSM-IV: Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia were integrated into one disorder called “Panic disorder with agoraphobia.”
- DSM-5 notes that agoraphobia may be characterized either by avoiding the situations or enduring them with intense fear and anxiety.
Specific Phobias
- Extreme and irrational fear of a specific object or situation.
- Types:
- Blood-injury-injection phobia (vasovagal response to blood, injury, or injection).
- Situational phobia (public transportation or enclosed places, e.g., planes).
- Natural environment phobia (events occurring in nature, e.g., heights, storms).
- Animal phobia (animal and insects).
- Other phobias (do not fit into the other categories, e.g., fear of choking, vomiting).
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)
- An experience of marked fear or anxiety focused on one or more social or performance situations.
- Individuals with this disorder are very anxious only while others are present and maybe watching and to some extent, evaluating their behavior.
Anxiety, Fear, and Panic
- Anxiety: a negative mood state characterized by bodily symptoms of physical tension and by apprehension about the future.
- Fear: a present-oriented mood state characterized by marked negative affect, immediate fight or flight response to danger or threat, strong tendency to avoid or escape, involves abrupt activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
- Panic: an abrupt experience of intense fear or acute discomfort, accompanied by physical symptoms that usually include heart palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, and possibly dizziness.
- Panic attack subtypes:
- Expected or cued panic attack: panic likely to occur in certain situations (e.g., specific phobias, social anxiety disorder).
- Unexpected or uncued panic attack: panic that is not associated with specific situations (e.g., panic disorder).
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Description
Test your knowledge on Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Agoraphobia. Learn about the symptoms, diagnosis criteria, and integration of Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia in DSM IV.
