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What was the primary legal justification for the segregation and unequal treatment of Black Americans between 1865 and 1964?

  • The "separate but equal" doctrine established in *Plessy v. Ferguson* (correct)
  • Informal agreements among White business owners to discriminate.
  • Federal legislation outlining different rights based on race.
  • State laws that explicitly prohibited Black people from owning property.

Which of the following best describes the impact of racial violence on Black communities during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

  • It fostered economic prosperity and growth within segregated Black communities.
  • It encouraged White communities to invest in Black neighborhoods, promoting integration.
  • It resulted in the destruction of Black-owned businesses and significant loss of life. (correct)
  • It led to increased political power and representation for Black Americans.

What was a significant economic consequence of the Tulsa Race Massacre for the Greenwood community?

  • A shift towards agricultural jobs, moving away from business investments.
  • The introduction of federal programs, such as social security, to support Black families.
  • Increased investment from outside the community.
  • The destruction of the "Black Wall Street", resulting in an estimated \$260M-\$312M in losses. (correct)

How did the Great Migration affect racial dynamics in Northern cities?

<p>It shifted discrimination from lower-class White immigrants to Black workers, exacerbating racial tensions, but overall increased the wealth of black families.. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a long-term impact of the discrimination faced by Black servicemen during World War II?

<p>Black servicemen had reduced economic opportunities due to fewer transferable job skills. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Despite their contributions in various wars, why did Black soldiers often face difficulties upon returning home?

<p>They encountered continuous segregation and discrimination, limiting their access to jobs and benefits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the racial disparities in military justice during the era discussed?

<p>Black soldiers were more likely to face false accusations than White soldiers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did discrimination in the military affect the long-term economic well-being of Black veterans?

<p>By limiting Black servicemen to lower-status jobs, they acquired fewer transferable job skills, impacting their post-military employment opportunities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, why are terms like Black and White capitalized when referring to racial groups?

<p>To emphasize their social and cultural importance as distinct groups. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical element is missing when a company focuses solely on diversity without addressing equity, inclusion, and justice?

<p>A truly supportive environment where all individuals can thrive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intersectionality, a concept introduced by Kimberlé Crenshaw, is best described as which of the following?

<p>The interconnected nature of social identities creating overlapping systems of discrimination or disadvantage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you best describe the phenomenon of racialized sexual harassment?

<p>Sexual harassment that includes elements of racial bias and hostility, uniquely impacting women of color. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best explains why 'non-dominant groups' is a preferred term over 'minority'?

<p>'Non-dominant groups' better reflects the power dynamics and social hierarchies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Black transgender woman with a disability will likely encounter systemic barriers that are:

<p>Unique and distinct from those faced by individuals with only one or two of these identities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does intersectional research contribute to the development of effective DEI initiatives

<p>By providing a deeper understanding of diverse experiences, thus promoting more inclusive and effective strategies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is most likely to hold higher wages and organizational status, according to the information?

<p>White men without disabilities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between prejudice and discrimination?

<p>Prejudice is a negative evaluation based on stereotypes, while discrimination involves actions that limit opportunities based on those stereotypes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST direct effect of social categorization on intergroup relations within an organization?

<p>It leads to in-group favoritism and out-group stereotyping, potentially causing conflict and inequity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'similarity effect' is MOST likely to influence which organizational process?

<p>Initial hiring decisions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might organizations MOST effectively mitigate the impact of implicit bias in employee evaluations?

<p>By implementing structured decision-making processes like blinded resume reviews. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is MOST likely to reduce reliance on implicit bias in decision-making under high-pressure situations?

<p>Implementing mindfulness training to enhance self-awareness and focus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organization aims to foster a more inclusive environment. Which initiative would BEST address both in-group favoritism and out-group stereotyping simultaneously?

<p>Implementing mentorship programs that pair individuals from different social identity groups. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might heightened awareness of collective pejorative treatment MOST likely impact members of a non-dominant group within an organization?

<p>It will foster collective resistance and activism to challenge discriminatory practices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an organization has mostly homogenous senior leadership, what outcome is MOST likely, due to the factors discussed?

<p>Perpetuation of the similarity effect, disadvantaging non-dominant groups in promotion opportunities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A technology company is expanding its operations in a diverse urban area. Which strategy would most effectively mitigate potential consumer racial profiling issues during its initial rollout?

<p>Implement a zero-tolerance policy for discriminatory behavior, train customer-facing staff on cultural sensitivity, and regularly audit customer interactions for equitable service delivery. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Black female engineer consistently receives doubts about her qualifications for project leadership roles, despite consistently exceeding performance expectations. This scenario best exemplifies which workplace challenge?

<p>The intersection of gender and racial bias affecting perceptions of competence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An African immigrant with a master's degree is repeatedly passed over for promotions at their company, while less qualified colleagues are advanced. What strategy would best address both the immediate issue and contribute to long-term career growth?

<p>Document instances of discrimination, seek mentorship from a senior leader, and explore opportunities at companies known for affirmative action, while continuously building skills and networking. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A retail store manager notices a pattern of security guards disproportionately monitoring Black customers. Which of the following actions should the manager prioritize to address this issue effectively?

<p>Implement mandatory diversity and inclusion training for all security personnel, focusing on implicit bias and racial profiling, while also revising surveillance protocols to ensure equitable monitoring practices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Black college graduate is advised to use initials on their résumé instead of their full name when applying for jobs. What is the most important consideration they should weigh before making this decision?

<p>The potential for increased interview opportunities versus the ethical implications of concealing their racial identity and the personal impact of doing so. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the workplace experiences of Black women uniquely differ from those of other women, based on the provided information?

<p>Black women face a combination of racial and sexual discrimination, including racialized sexual harassment, and are overrepresented in sexual harassment lawsuits; they also face misperceptions about their work ethic and qualifications. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does consumer racial profiling have on businesses, beyond potential legal ramifications?

<p>It can lead to boycotts, lawsuits, reputational damage, and decreased customer loyalty. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A recent Caribbean immigrant expresses surprise at encountering racial discrimination in the United States. Which factor most likely contributes to this initial reaction?

<p>A lack of awareness of U.S. history and racial dynamics due to differences in cultural backgrounds and expectations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an accurate historical depiction regarding Mexican Americans prior to the 20th century?

<p>Many lived in what became the U.S. Southwest long before European arrival, later facing discrimination after conflicts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Great Depression impact Mexican Americans, and what long-term historical effect did this event have?

<p>It led to the repatriation of approximately 2 million Mexicans and Mexican Americans, many involuntarily, setting a precedent for future immigration policies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering legal and social contexts, what was the primary significance of Mendez v. Westminster (1946) in relation to later civil rights milestones?

<p>It served as a legal precedent by declaring Mexican segregation in California schools unconstitutional, influencing cases like <em>Brown v. Board of Education</em>. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What spurred Dr. Hector Garcia's formation of the G.I. Forum, and what did their actions reveal about the challenges faced by Mexican Americans?

<p>To combat widespread discrimination against Mexican American veterans, exemplified by the Felix Longoria case, highlighting disparities in civil rights. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the Chicano Movement during the 1960s and 1970s, and how did it aim to achieve this?

<p>To emphasize cultural pride and reclaim the term 'Chicano' from its derogatory connotations, advocating for social and political empowerment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Jones Act of 1917 influence the demographics and migration patterns of Puerto Ricans?

<p>It granted U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans, facilitating migration for work and contributing to circular migration patterns. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary political limitations faced by Puerto Rico and its residents despite being U.S. citizens?

<p>Puerto Ricans cannot vote in U.S. presidential elections and lack full Congressional representation, although debates about statehood continue. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compared to other Hispanic groups in the U.S., what is generally true regarding the economic status and historical influences of Puerto Ricans?

<p>Puerto Ricans generally experience lower status in employment and education, influenced by a history of slavery, segregation, and color bias. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under Title VII, which of the following scenarios would be considered discriminatory?

<p>Denying a promotion to a qualified employee because of their sexual orientation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do amendments to the Civil Rights Act address discriminatory actions by employers?

<p>By allowing for punitive damages as a means to penalize and discourage discriminatory behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company institutes a new policy requiring all employees in a physically demanding role to pass a strength test. This test results in a significantly lower percentage of female applicants being hired. What legal consideration should the company make?

<p>Whether there is a non-discriminatory alternative to the strength test that would achieve the same result. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the 'ban the box' movement concerning job applications?

<p>To prevent employers from asking about an applicant's criminal history until later in the hiring process. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An employer is considering implementing criminal background checks for all potential hires. According to EEOC guidelines, which factor should they prioritize to avoid discriminatory practices?

<p>Considering the time elapsed since the offense or sentence completion in relation to the job requirements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Federal Bonding Program offered by the U.S. Department of Labor?

<p>To provide a guarantee to employers against potential losses due to employee dishonesty. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company operating in a state where pre-employment THC drug testing is prohibited continues to conduct such tests, resulting in the rejection of several qualified candidates who use cannabis legally. What legal principle is the company violating?

<p>The concept of disparate impact, because the testing disproportionately affects individuals who legally use cannabis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies a modern, subtle form of discrimination in the workplace?

<p>A manager consistently assigns challenging projects to employees of one race or gender, while giving less demanding tasks to others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Title VII Discrimination

Prohibits discrimination based on pregnancy, sexual orientation, and gender identity in employment.

Punitive Damages

Monetary compensation awarded to punish intentional discrimination under civil rights laws.

Intentional Discrimination Compensation

Compensation for intentional discrimination varies based on employer size, between $50,000-$300,000.

Disparate Impact

Occurs when neutral job policies exclude protected groups disproportionately.

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'Ban the Box' Movement

Advocacy to remove criminal history questions from job applications to aid fair hiring.

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BFOQs (Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications)

Allows limited discrimination based on sex, age, or religion when necessary for the job.

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EEOC Guidelines for Background Checks

Suggests considering offense time, job nature, and relevance for criminal background checks.

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Business Necessity

Justifies a practice that disproportionately affects a group if crucial for job performance with no alternatives.

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Prejudice

Irrational, negative evaluations based on stereotypes.

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Discrimination

Actions limiting opportunities for groups due to prejudice.

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Implicit Bias

Automatic, unconscious biases affecting decisions and behaviors.

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In-Group Favoritism

Preferential treatment for one's own group, leading to bias.

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Social Identity

Part of self-concept derived from group membership.

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Similarity Effect

Tendency to favor individuals who are demographically similar.

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Systems of Bias

Reinforcement of discrimination through societal norms.

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Mitigation Strategies

Approaches like training to counteract biases.

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Race as a Social Construct

Race is defined by society to establish power dynamics among groups.

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Capitalization of Race Terms

Capitalizing terms like 'Black' and 'White' emphasizes their significance in society.

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Diversity vs. Equity

Diversity alone doesn't ensure equity, inclusion, or justice; deeper measures are needed.

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Intersectionality

Concept highlighting how multiple social identities overlap and create unique oppression.

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Group Memberships and Outcomes

Membership in social groups influences opportunities and status in society.

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Cisgender

Individuals whose gender identity aligns with their sex assigned at birth.

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Racialized Sexual Harassment

Women of color face harassment that combines racism and sexism uniquely.

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Non-Dominant Groups

Preferred term for 'minority', reflecting social power dynamics accurately.

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Caribbean Immigrants

46% of Black immigrants in the U.S. come from Caribbean countries like Jamaica and Haiti.

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Expectations of Black Immigrants

Black immigrants from majority-Black countries may not anticipate discrimination in the U.S.

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Education vs. Employment Discrimination

African immigrants are highly educated but still face discrimination in the workplace.

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Black Women in the Workforce

Black women have the highest labor force participation among women but face systemic barriers.

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Single-Mother Stereotype

Negative assumptions used to justify discrimination against Black women in workplaces.

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Consumer Racial Profiling

Discriminatory treatment of Black customers that can harm businesses financially and reputationally.

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Employment Strategies for African Americans

Pursue higher education, seek jobs at structured companies, and recognize existing discrimination.

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Jim Crow Laws

Laws enforcing racial segregation in the South from 1865 to 1964.

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Red Summer

A series of race riots in 1919 leading to hundreds of Black deaths.

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Tulsa Race Massacre

1921 event where 'Black Wall Street' was destroyed, leaving 9,000 homeless.

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Great Migration

Movement of Black Americans to the North for jobs and safety from violence.

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Military Segregation

Practice during WWII where Black servicemen faced job discrimination.

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Post-Military Discrimination

Black veterans faced limited economic opportunities after serving in the military.

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Century-long Discrimination

Long-term effects of systemic racism impacting Black Americans' social and economic status.

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Racial Violence

Attacks and hostility targeted towards Black communities post-Civil War.

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Spanish Colonization

The establishment of 'New Spain' after Spain conquered Indigenous populations.

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Mexican Independence

A movement leading to Mexico's freedom from Spanish rule in 1821.

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Mendez v. Westminster

A 1946 court case declaring Mexican segregation illegal in California.

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Chicano Movement

A cultural and political movement in the 1960s-70s seeking to reclaim identity.

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Puerto Rican Citizenship

The Jones Act of 1917 granted U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans.

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Circular Migration

Movement back and forth between Puerto Rico and the mainland for work.

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Political Barriers for Puerto Ricans

Restrictions preventing voting in U.S. presidential elections.

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Racial Disparities

Economic and social differences faced by Puerto Ricans compared to other groups.

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