General Study Techniques Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which structure of the eye provides the majority of the eye's focusing power?

Cornea (correct)

Lens

Sclera

Iris

What is the role of cAMP in the process of olfactory signal transduction?

It increases the amount of odorant molecules detected.

It activates ion channels directly.

It initiates action potentials in the olfactory bulb.

It activates a G-protein that leads to depolarization. (correct)

Which layer of the eye is primarily responsible for nutrient supply and vascularity?

Neural tunic

Fibrous tunic

Ciliary body

Vascular tunic (correct)

How does the iris regulate the amount of light that enters the eye?

By adjusting the size of the pupil. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vitreous humor in the eye?

To maintain the shape of the eye and allow light passage. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteocytes in bone?

Regulate bone remodeling Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for raising blood calcium levels?

Parathyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

What role do microglia play in the nervous system?

Immune defense Signup and view all the answers

During the power stroke in the crossbridge cycle, which molecules leave the myosin head?

ADP and Pi Signup and view all the answers

In the context of bone matrix composition, which component is primarily responsible for strength and stiffness?

Calcium phosphate crystals Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the activation phase in the bone remodeling process?

Mechanical stress on bone Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the distinction between a tract and a nerve in the nervous system?

A tract refers to a bundle of axons in the CNS and a nerve refers to a bundle of axons in the PNS. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the Na+/K+ ATPase have on the cell's resting potential?

It makes the inside of the cell slightly negative. Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in membrane permeability for Na+ affect a neuron's membrane potential?

It leads to depolarization of the neuron. Signup and view all the answers

What would likely occur if K+ permeability decreases in a neuron?

The cell becomes depolarized and more positive. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about equilibrium potential is true?

It exactly balances the concentration gradient for an ion. Signup and view all the answers

What can be said about mechanically-gated ion channels?

They open in response to physical deformation. Signup and view all the answers

What role do Cl- ions play in the membrane potential?

They have minimal influence on the membrane potential. Signup and view all the answers

How does the Na+/K+ ATPase create an ionic gradient across the membrane?

By actively transporting Na+ out and K+ into the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the membrane potential if both Na+ and K+ permeabilities increase simultaneously?

The net effect depends on the ionic concentrations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between leak channels and voltage-gated channels?

Leak channels are always open, while voltage-gated channels open based on voltage changes. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes ionotropic receptors from metabotropic receptors?

Ionotropic receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, while metabotropic receptors are G protein coupled receptors. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the general senses?

They involve receptors that are distributed throughout the body. Signup and view all the answers

How does the size of a receptive field affect sensory discrimination?

Smaller receptive fields generally correspond to higher receptor density and better localization. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a receptor potential?

A graded electrical signal occurring upon stimulation of a sensory receptor. Signup and view all the answers

What role do astrocytes play in neurotransmitter signaling?

They recycle neurotransmitters and modulate neuronal signaling. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT considered a special sense?

Touch Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'appropriate stimulus' in sensory interpretation?

The specific type of input for which a sensory receptor is specifically designed. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptors are responsible for sensing temperature?

Thermoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nociceptors?

To sense and relay pain information. Signup and view all the answers

What most accurately defines a postsynaptic potential?

A temporary voltage change in the postsynaptic cell due to neurotransmitter binding. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of depolarization on the cell membrane potential?

The membrane potential becomes less negative Signup and view all the answers

Which event occurs first in the series of actions during an action potential?

Local change in membrane potential Signup and view all the answers

What describes hyperpolarization in the context of membrane potential?

A more negative membrane potential Signup and view all the answers

How does temporal summation contribute to neuron firing?

By increasing the frequency of action potentials from one neuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of reaching threshold in the context of neuronal action potentials?

An action potential will definitely occur Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly differentiates EPSPs from IPSPs?

EPSPs promote depolarization while IPSPs promote hyperpolarization Signup and view all the answers

What type of ion channels are primarily involved in the repolarization phase of an action potential?

Voltage gated K+ channels Signup and view all the answers

In the context of action potentials, what is 'positive feedback cycle' referring to?

The rapid opening of voltage gated Na+ channels after threshold is reached Signup and view all the answers

In spatial summation, how are inputs integrated?

From graded potentials from different presynaptic neurons Signup and view all the answers

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