General Study Techniques

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What is a defining characteristic of the rational policy model?

Decisions evolve from bargaining among diverse stakeholders.
Decisions are a result of complex organizational processes.
Decision making is based on input from multiple actors.
Choices are made by a unified actor aiming to achieve a specific goal. (correct)

The bureaucratic politics model supports the unitary actor assumption.

False (B)

What are elite cues and why are they significant?

Elite cues inform the public about foreign policy issues they should pay attention to and act as indicators of concern.

In the _____ process model, decisions are guided by standard operating procedures and established plans.

organizational Signup and view all the answers

Match the decision-making model to its key characteristic:

Rational policy model = Unified actor making purposive choices Organizational process = Involves established procedures Bureaucratic politics = Bargaining among multiple actors Elite cues = Indicators of public attention Signup and view all the answers

Which model relates to multiple actors facing complex problems in decision-making?

Organizational process (B) Signup and view all the answers

Leaders usually prefer to comply with the majority opinion to avoid elite cues.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of elite cues against type?

They are significant because when expected positions are reversed (e.g., a hawkish elite taking a dovish stance), it signals a crucial shift that garners more attention. Signup and view all the answers

Which type is more likely to support military force in achieving national security goals?

Hawks (C) Signup and view all the answers

Doves are more likely than Hawks to support military interventions.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What power does Congress have over national security decisions?

The power of the purse and the ability to dictate the length and content of military operations. Signup and view all the answers

Congress is most likely to block presidential actions when there are more members of the __________ party.

opposition Signup and view all the answers

Which party is generally perceived to be more competent on the issue of civil rights?

Democratic Party (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a party brand?

A unified message presented by a party (A) Signup and view all the answers

Germany used military force in Kosovo during a humanitarian crisis despite its long-standing pacifist stance.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Party brand allows politicians to ignore constituents' concerns.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the central concept that highlights the need for coherence between party ideology and foreign policy?

issue ownership Signup and view all the answers

Why do members of the opposition party criticize the actions of the president?

To harm the other party’s brand. Signup and view all the answers

Public opinion is factored in national security decisions, as it can ___________ those in office who make the policies.

influence Signup and view all the answers

Match the public opinion theories with their characteristics:

Almond-Lippmann = Public is volatile and emotional Rational public = Stability and consensus in public views Emotional public = Impulsiveness in decision-making Volatile public = Incoherent opinions and inconsequential decisions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions to their respective terms:

Hawks = Support military intervention Doves = Prefer diplomacy over military force Congress = Controls budget for national security Party Brand = Unified message from a political party Signup and view all the answers

What unique aspect do humanitarian interventions create among usually non-militaristic individuals?

Desire for military intervention (B) Signup and view all the answers

The emotional public view suggests that individuals react thoughtfully and rationally to public issues.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

How did the Green Party adjust its ideology in response to the Kosovo crisis?

They shifted to support military intervention for humanitarian reasons. Signup and view all the answers

Why were transnational groups able to have a greater impact on nuclear policy in the Soviet Union?

People trusted and listened to them. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In democracies, everyone has equal access to influence the government.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Name one civilian role in the US government.

The Secretary of Defense Signup and view all the answers

Civilian control is important because it ensures that elected leaders are in charge and can be held accountable for __________ actions.

military Signup and view all the answers

Match the actor to their role in the US government:

President = Civilian actor Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff = Military official Secretary of State = Civilian actor National Security Advisor = Civilian or military actor Signup and view all the answers

What is Huntington's view on civilian control of the military?

Civilian leaders set goals while the military implements them. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Brooks believes that military officials' actions can have political implications.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Professional supremacists argue that military voice should be ensured while avoiding __________ by civilians.

micromanagement Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the short-run consequences of war?

Immediate challenges to democracy (C) Signup and view all the answers

The Cold War Consensus indicated a decrease in presidential dominance over Congress.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What factors led to the gradual backlash against the Vietnam War?

Loss of public support and growing disillusionment with the war. Signup and view all the answers

In a democracy, secrecy poses challenges to __________, which requires public access to information.

accountability Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms to their definitions:

Covert action = Actions not publicly acknowledged by the state National security = Information that can be classified Secrecy = Intentional concealment of information Public tolerance of secrecy = Acceptance when justified and sensitive Signup and view all the answers

What type of actions are democracies more likely to engage in covertly?

Military interventions (B) Signup and view all the answers

Public support for sacrificing civil liberties in the fight against terrorism was a long-lasting change after 9/11.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

List two types of information that cannot be classified.

Information related to administrative errors; information not linked to national security. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the strengths of avoiding domestic constraints in policy-making?

Less political risk (A) Signup and view all the answers

Social media is known for its long-term credibility and regulatory ease.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by a sovereign state?

A political organization that excludes external actors from authority structures within its territory. Signup and view all the answers

The _________ norm allows states to protect their borders.

territorial integrity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the attribution problem in cybersecurity?

Knowing what computer an attack came from but not who executed it (C) Signup and view all the answers

Democracies have more effective tools to censor misinformation compared to authoritarian regimes.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Increased reliance on globalization is viewed as _______ by skeptics.

abnormal Signup and view all the answers

Match the views of globalization with their descriptions:

Skeptic = Believe increased reliance on globalization is abnormal Enthusiast = Believe globalization is here to stay Supraterritorial = View global interconnectedness as paramount States = Key players in the globalization process Signup and view all the answers

Rational policy model

A model of decision-making where a unified government makes purposeful choices to reach a goal.

Organizational process model

Decision-making model where multiple actors and complex routines lead to existing plans being followed instead of choosing the ideal option.

Bureaucratic politics model

Decision-making model where multiple actors bargain to reach a common decision, potentially compromising individual preferences.