Bio Labs

<p>Both test tubes contained the same solution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>512 copies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To serve as a control in the experimental setup. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA polymerase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dividing the oxygen produced by the time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronologically arranging tasks to ensure precise measurements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elodea densa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5' - CCTTCGTTTTCTTGGTGAA - 3' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binding of primers to the template strand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Putting on safety goggles and gloves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herbicide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure uniformity in plant height. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To disrupt hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ejecting the tip into a non-designated container (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tip should be changed to prevent contamination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>250uL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excess liquid may be wasted (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Holding the micropipettor horizontally (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>200uL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased efficiency in liquid transfer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 mL/min (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resetting the pipette to zero before starting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decrease in the rate of photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance from the light source (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experimental condition enhanced oxygen production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It will decrease the oxygen production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amount of CO2 directly affects the oxygen output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equal amounts in both tubes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents the degradation of DNA by chelating contaminants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the supernatant above the pellet. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some components are pre-mixed before being added to the tubes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA double helix separates into single strands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5'-TAGAAAAGGAAGGTGGCT-3' and 5'-TTGAAGACGTGGTTGGAA-3' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They rely on the size of DNA fragments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sample was contaminated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The components separate into distinct layers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The individual is heterozygous for the trait. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A thermal cycler is essential for the amplification of target DNA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The kernel would be yellow due to lack of purple pigment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5'-TAGAAAAGGAAGGTG-3' and 5'-TTGAAGACGTGGTTG-3' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Template DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It cleaves the DNA at specific sites. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using Chelex resin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bands will show additional smaller fragments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The amount of oxygen produced by a plant during photosynthesis in milliliters per minute.

A series of protein complexes that transfer electrons in photosynthesis, releasing energy.

The process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen.

A plant that lives and grows in water.

The standard group in an experiment, used as a comparison to see if the treatment has any effect.

A group where a specific variable (like a chemical) is added to see how it changes the effects.

Using a 1mL pipette to measure the oxygen produced by a plant during photosynthesis to determine the photosynthetic rate.

A statement that predicts the outcome of an experiment. It is a testable statement.

A controlled experiment to measure the photosynthetic rate of aquatic plants by measuring oxygen production.

Groups used to determine the effect of a treatment (herbicide in this case) on photosynthetic rate. Test tube 1 (control) contained no herbicide, while Test tube 2 contained herbicide.

Chemical solution used to provide carbon dioxide to the aquatic plants in the control group of a photosynthesis experiment, which aids the process of photosynthesis.

Bicarbonate solution combined with a substance (herbicide) that might affect photosynthesis.

The amount of oxygen produced over time (60 minutes) by the plants is measured for each tube and used to calculate the photosynthetic rate.

Statistical test used to determine if the observed difference in oxygen production between control and experimental groups is statistically significant.

Type of plants used in the experiment to measure photosynthesis.

Using safety goggles and gloves are critical for handling chemicals and biological materials in the lab.

Polymerase Chain Reaction: a technique that amplifies specific DNA sequences, producing millions of copies in a short time.

The essential ingredients for a PCR reaction: DNA template, primers, nucleotides (dNTPs), buffer, and DNA polymerase.

The three main stages of a PCR cycle: 1) Denaturation (separating DNA strands), 2) Annealing (primers attaching to DNA), 3) Extension (DNA polymerase building new strands).

A short DNA sequence complementary to the 3' end of the target DNA strand, used in PCR to initiate synthesis in the opposite direction.

The process where primers bind to complementary sequences on the single-stranded DNA template during PCR.

An enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands during PCR by adding nucleotides complementary to the template DNA.

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup (combination of alleles) of an organism, while phenotype refers to its observable characteristics.

In humans, only two organelles contain their own DNA: mitochondria and chloroplasts.

The process of separating double-stranded DNA into single strands by applying heat, which disrupts the hydrogen bonds holding the strands together.

A short, single-stranded DNA sequence that binds to a complementary sequence on a DNA template, providing a starting point for DNA replication or other DNA-based processes.

Choosing the appropriate micropipette for the volume of liquid you're dispensing. Each micropipette has a specific range of volumes it can accurately measure.

To dispense liquid from a micropipette, press the plunger to the first stop to draw up the liquid, then press to the second stop to fully release it.

Always use the tip ejector button to safely dispose of the micropipette tip into a designated waste container.

Always change the micropipette tip when moving to a different liquid to prevent contamination.

Hold micropipette vertically when drawing up or dispensing liquid to prevent air bubbles and ensure accurate volume delivery.

Always follow proper operating procedures when using micropipettes to ensure accurate results and prevent injury.

A technique used to create multiple copies of a specific DNA sequence.

A non-specific DNA fragment formed during PCR when primers bind to each other instead of the target DNA.

A specific enzyme that recognizes and cuts DNA at a specific sequence: 'GATATC' .

The genetic makeup of an organism, including its DNA sequence.

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.

Having two different alleles for a particular gene.

The process of isolating DNA from biological samples, like plant cells.

Short sequences of DNA that bind to specific regions of the target DNA and initiate PCR amplification.

A chelating resin used in DNA extraction to bind metal ions like magnesium, which can degrade DNA. It prevents DNA degradation by removing these harmful ions.

Following step #13 of Exercise 2, the extracted DNA is found in the pellet, a solid mass at the bottom of the tube.

In the denaturation step of PCR, the double-stranded DNA template is heated to separate the strands, making them accessible for copying.

During annealing, primers bind to complementary sequences on the separated DNA strands, marking the start of the region to be copied.

In the extension step, DNA polymerase uses the dNTPs to build new DNA strands, starting from the primer binding sites and copying the template sequence.

The correct primer pair to amplify the given DNA sequence is 5'-TAGAAAAGGAAGGTGGCT-3' and 5'-TTGAAGACGTGGTTGGAA-3'.

Gel electrophoresis separates molecules based on their size and charge. Smaller molecules move faster, while larger molecules move slower, resulting in separation based on size.