General Study Quiz

The competition between European nations to have the strongest military forces. This led to a constant increase in military spending and a sense that war was likely.

Groups of countries that promised to defend each other in case of an attack. These alliances made it difficult to avoid war because an attack on one nation could quickly escalate.

The struggle between European powers to expand their empires, particularly in Africa and Asia. This competition created tensions and fueled rivalries.

Strong feelings of national pride and the belief that one's nation is superior. This often led to conflicts between ethnic groups and fueled tensions in areas like the Balkans.

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by a Serbian nationalist. This event was the immediate trigger for the outbreak of World War I.

A military camp in Quebec where Canadian soldiers trained before being sent to Europe during World War I. It played a key role in mobilizing Canadian forces for the war.

The mandatory enlistment of men in the military. Canada implemented conscription in 1917 to address the growing need for soldiers to replace heavy casualties.

The political and social crisis in Canada caused by the implementation of mandatory military service. It was a time of intense debate and division, particularly between French and English Canadians.

Worker dissatisfaction, including poor working conditions, low wages, and heightened inflation following WWI, led to widespread strikes demanding better pay, shorter hours, and the right to negotiate collectively. These strikes led to clashes with police and drew national attention to workers' rights.

A national ban on the production, sale, and consumption of alcohol in Canada, from 1918 to 1933. It was implemented due to social reformers' beliefs that alcohol caused social problems like crime and poverty.

The catastrophic crash of the U.S. stock market on October 29, 1929, triggering the Great Depression. This event occurred due to over-speculation and buying stocks on margin with borrowed money.

The economic downturn that followed the stock market crash, impacting Canada significantly. This occurred because Canada's economy was heavily reliant on exports, which decreased due to the global crisis.

A series of social and economic programs initiated by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression. These programs aimed to alleviate poverty and stimulate the economy.

During World War I, women took over jobs traditionally held by men, working in factories, offices, and farms.

Women played a significant role in supporting the war effort by organizing support groups, raising funds, and volunteering as nurses.

After WWI, women in Canada began gaining the right to vote, starting with Manitoba in 1916 and spreading to other provinces. By 1918, Canadian women over 21 gained the right to vote in federal elections, except for Indigenous women.

A type of warfare where both sides dug deep trenches for defense, creating a static front line. This resulted in long periods of stalemate with heavy casualties.

Trench conditions were brutal, characterized by mud, rats, disease, and constant danger. Soldiers faced machine gun fire, artillery bombardments, and barbed wire when they were sent "over the top" into no-man's-land.

The League of Nations was created after WWI in 1919 as part of the Treaty of Versailles. Its main goal was to maintain world peace and prevent future wars through diplomacy.

The League lacked its own armed forces, was weakened by the U.S. not joining, and struggled to prevent aggressions like the invasion of Ethiopia and Manchuria. The requirement for unanimous decisions made it difficult to take decisive action.

In 1919, a massive strike involving over 30,000 workers from various sectors occurred in Winnipeg, Canada. This event was a major labor dispute, which highlighted the growing tensions between capital and labor.

A major program of the New Deal, this act provided social insurance for elderly Americans, unemployed workers, and families with dependent children.

A group of unemployed Canadian workers who marched from Vancouver to Ottawa in 1935, demanding better work conditions and employment opportunities.

Camps set up by the Canadian government during the Great Depression to provide men with basic work and food, though conditions were often poor.

The first treaty negotiated and signed independently by Canada, without British involvement, establishing fishing rights in the Pacific Ocean for halibut.

A report issued in 1926 that recognized the Dominions, including Canada, as autonomous nations within the British Commonwealth, marking a shift from colonial status.

A landmark statute passed by the British Parliament in 1931, formally recognizing the legislative independence of Canada and other Dominions.

A broad term referring to the increasing independence of the Dominions, such as Canada, within the British Commonwealth, moving towards self-governance.

The systematic, state-sponsored genocide perpetrated by Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler during WWII, aimed at exterminating the Jewish population in Europe, resulting in the deaths of approximately 6 million Jews.

The plan devised by Nazi Germany to exterminate the Jewish population in Europe, using methods like concentration camps, death camps, forced labor, and mass shootings.

The liberation of the Netherlands by Canadian forces in 1944-1945, involving pushing German forces out and providing relief to starving civilians.

The leader of the Fascist Party in Italy who ruled from 1922 until 1943 when he was overthrown, allied with Hitler in WWII.

The dictator of Nazi Germany who initiated WWII by invading Poland in 1939, responsible for the Holocaust and the aim to dominate Europe.

The leader of the Soviet Union from the late 1920s until his death in 1953, known for his totalitarian rule, purges, and the role of the Soviet Union in defeating Nazi Germany.

The Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII, leading Britain through the darkest days of the war.

A tactic used by the German military in World War II involving concentrated attacks focused on enemy weaknesses, often employing a combination of tanks, infantry, and air power.

A military strategy using a combination of different types of forces, like tanks, infantry, and airpower, working together to achieve a greater impact.

The German air campaign against Great Britain during World War II, aiming to break civilian morale and destroy the Royal Air Force.

The largest military operation in history—the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941.

A disastrous Allied raid on the French port of Dieppe in August 1942, primarily involving Canadian forces.

A fierce battle between Canadian and German forces in the Italian city of Ortona during World War II, known for close-quarter fighting and heavy casualties.

The successful defense of Britain by the Royal Air Force against the German Luftwaffe during World War II, preventing a German invasion.

The key turning point of the Eastern Front in World War II, where Soviet forces successfully defended the city of Stalingrad against the German siege.