General Study Preparation

Key innovations included crop rotation, selective breeding of livestock, advanced tools, and mechanized planting.

Locke's philosophy emphasized inherent rights to life, liberty, and property, advocating that governments must protect these rights.

Locke's ideas on natural rights and government accountability significantly influenced the Declaration of Independence and justified rebellion against tyranny.

<p>'Enlightened Despotism' refers to absolute rulers who embraced Enlightenment ideas, such as Frederick the Great.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frederick abolished judicial torture and promoted religious tolerance as key reforms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catherine the Great corresponded with Enlightenment thinkers like Voltaire and reformed education in Russia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Agricultural Revolution created surplus food, allowing laborers to move to cities, facilitating urbanization and economic shifts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The social contract theory posits that legitimate political authority derives from the consent of the governed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rousseau believed that society corrupts the natural goodness of man, and that a government should exist only to serve the collective will.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His idea of popular sovereignty influenced revolutionary movements by advocating for government based on the collective will of the people, particularly during the French Revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deism is a belief that reason and observation of the natural world are sufficient to understand God, rejecting organized religion and clergy authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adam Smith argued for laissez-faire economics, where individual self-interest in a free market benefits society, promoting free trade and limited government intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He introduced the concept of the 'invisible hand', where individuals’ pursuit of self-interest leads to societal benefits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neoclassicism emphasizes simplicity, symmetry, and moral themes, seeking to revive classical art and architecture from ancient Greece and Rome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neoclassicism contrasts with Rococo by rejecting excessive ornamentation in favor of classical simplicity and moral seriousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neoclassical artists celebrated themes of virtue, heroism, and civic duty in their works.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It marked the beginning of the French Revolution by asserting the political rights of the common people and challenging the existing power structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Declaration emphasized rights such as freedom of speech, the right to property, presumption of innocence, and equality before the law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The convening of the Estates-General exposed the inequalities in French society and highlighted the financial crisis, prompting the Third Estate to seek greater political power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mirabeau was a key figure in the National Assembly who advocated for a constitutional monarchy while supporting the Third Estate’s rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Declaration influenced revolutionary movements and democratic constitutions around the world, promoting the ideas of equality and natural rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enlightenment ideals provided the philosophical foundation that justified the Third Estate's break from traditional power and sought a government based on popular sovereignty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The National Assembly encountered opposition from King Louis XVI and traditional power structures, complicating their efforts toward establishing a constitutional monarchy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The National Assembly represented a shift of political power from the monarchy and nobility to the common people, asserting their role in governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The National Assembly abolished feudal privileges and adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Code Napoleon influenced many countries by promoting equality before the law and shaping civil law traditions globally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximilien Robespierre was a prominent leader of the Jacobins who believed that terror was necessary to defend the revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The declaration led to the establishment of the First French Republic and the collapse of the absolute monarchy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Tennis Court Oath symbolized the Third Estate's commitment to creating a new constitution and asserting their authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Code emphasized legal equality, protection of property rights, and secularized legal processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Robespierre envisioned a society preserved through terror, which led to increased authoritarianism in his leadership.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abolishing feudal privileges established legal equality and helped dismantle the old social order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adam Smith believed that markets should regulate themselves without government interference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John Locke advocated for natural rights and the social contract, influencing the development of modern democratic principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frederick II of Prussia encouraged music and was a patron of composers like Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both documents emphasized ideals of liberty and equality and were influenced by Enlightenment principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Art and music flourished under enlightened rulers as they used them to enhance their legitimacy and embody Enlightenment ideals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Napoleon's failed invasion of Russia in 1812 led to the decimation of his army, significantly weakening his military power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Baron de Montesquieu proposed the separation of powers in government, influencing constitutional design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voltaire criticized religious intolerance and absolutism, promoting freedom of speech and secularism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salons provided a space for intellectuals to discuss and exchange revolutionary ideas, challenging the established order and promoting concepts like liberty and equality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neoclassical artists celebrated themes of reason, heroism, and moral virtue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>King Louis XVI's extravagant spending and indecisiveness, particularly in tax reforms, alienated both the nobility and the common people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The convening of the Estates-General was significant because it highlighted the financial crisis and ultimately led to the formation of the National Assembly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Storming of the Bastille symbolized the end of the king’s absolute power and the triumph of the people's revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voltaire and Rousseau participated in salons, contributing to debates that challenged the existing political and religious structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Louis XVI's failed attempts to reform the taxation system alienated various social classes and failed to alleviate the financial crisis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Storming of the Bastille shifted public perception against the monarchy, casting Louis XVI as a tyrant and solidifying revolutionary sentiments.</p> Signup and view all the answers