General Study Practices

A condition where multiple states possess similar levels of power, preventing any one from dominating the others. This can be a natural consequence of history or a deliberate strategy.

The theory that rising powers will inevitably clash with existing dominant powers, often leading to conflict.

The concept that states should not interfere in the internal affairs of other sovereign states.

The principle that a state's rulers have absolute authority within their own territory.

A system where rulers use military force to expand their territory, wealth, and influence. Wars are fought for dynastic ambitions, not necessarily for the sake of the people.

The Congress of Vienna aimed to re-establish a stable European order after the Napoleonic Wars. It was a major international conference that sought to prevent future wars.

A foreign policy approach that emphasizes realism and pragmatism, primarily focusing on national interests and security.

A system of alliances and treaties between European states, formed during the late 19th century. It was a key factor in the outbreak of World War I.

The rapid and widespread expansion of European powers, primarily in Africa, during the late 19th century. It was characterized by advanced technology and a focus on economic and strategic gains.

A system of global control where one power, such as Great Britain in the 19th century, holds a dominant position in trade, finance, and military strength.

A form of colonialism that involves indirect rule, relying on local leaders to enforce colonial policies. It was a significant aspect of British rule in India.

The period of revolutionary upheavals that occurred in Europe starting in the 1840s and 1850s. This was driven by rising nationalism, liberalism, and working-class movements.

The movement advocating for the unification of Germany as a single nation-state under Prussian leadership. It was a complex process with nationalist and political motivations.

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary, the heir to the throne, in Sarajevo, Serbia in 1914 by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist. This event triggered the outbreak of World War I.

The period of intense political and diplomatic tension that led to the outbreak of World War I. It involved complex alliances, nationalist pressures, and a sense of crisis.

The process whereby a country prepares its military forces for war, including mobilization of troops and resources.

The belief that military power is a key factor in national greatness and international influence. This ideology is often associated with militaristic societies.

The idea that countries should compete to acquire colonies and expand their empires for economic and strategic advantages. It was a major factor in the outbreak of World War I.

A term used to describe the volatile situation in the Balkans prior to World War I. It was characterized by ethnic tensions, nationalistic aspirations, and competing empires vying for control.

The period of widespread, large-scale migration that occurred during the 19th century and early 20th century. It was driven by various factors, including economic opportunities, political instability, and the pursuit of a better life.

The idea that countries should try to improve other societies through their own model of civilization. It is often associated with European imperialism and the belief that they are superior to other cultures.

The period of intense warfare that broke out in 1914, involving the major powers of Europe and extending beyond Europe to include other parts of the world.

The term used to describe the systematic and targeted killing of Armenians by the Ottoman Empire during World War I. It is considered a genocide by many historians.

A major theoretical concept in Marxist thought, emphasizing the division of society into two opposing classes: the bourgeoisie (capitalist owners) and the proletariat (workers).

The revolution that occurred in Russia in 1917, leading to the establishment of the Soviet Union. It was driven by various factors, including political instability, economic hardships, and the desire for social change.

The peace treaty signed between Russia and Germany in 1918, which officially ended Russia's participation in World War I.

The brutal civil war that broke out in Russia after the 1917 revolution, pitting the Bolsheviks against their opponents. This conflict extended beyond Russia, drawing in external powers.

The concept that all nations have the right to determine their own political destiny and form their own independent states. This was a major tenet of Woodrow Wilson's vision for international order.

The belief that the United States has a unique role in the world, often characterized by exceptionalism, a sense of moral superiority, and a commitment to democracy and freedom.

The term used to describe the form of warfare practiced during World War I, characterized by static front lines, heavy artillery, and horrific casualties. It resulted in a stalemate and immense loss of life.

The period of intense national unity and patriotic fervor that emerged in many countries during World War I. This involved a suspension of political disagreements and a shared commitment to the war effort.

The term for the period of societal unity and cooperation that developed in Germany during World War I. This involved collaboration between different social classes and a suppression of political opposition.