General Study Notes Quiz
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What is the main function of taxonomy in biology?

  • Classifying and naming organisms (correct)
  • Examining physiological processes
  • Understanding environmental impacts
  • Studying the behavior of organisms

    • The Biological Species Concept can be applied to all species, including asexual and extinct species.

    False (B)

    What are the two parts of a binomial nomenclature?

    Genus and species

    Humans contribute to __________ speciation by altering ecosystems.

    <p>allopatric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following species concepts with their advantages:

    <p>Morphological Species Concept = Widely used and easy to apply Biological Species Concept = Applicable to interbreeding species Phylogenetic Species Concept = Can apply to extinct species through DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What rank in the classification system is the most specific?

    <p>Species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The more splits present in a phylogenetic tree between two species, the more closely they are related.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one piece of evidence scientists use to determine how closely related species are.

    <p>Phylogenetic trees or DNA analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure formed by DNA coils with histones?

    <p>Nucleosome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In humans, the sex chromosomes are represented as ____ and ____.

    <p>X, Y</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adenine can bond with Guanine in the DNA structure.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines homologous chromosomes?

    <p>Chromosomes that have the same genes but may have different alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary byproduct of methanogenesis in Archaea?

    <p>Methane (CH4) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes genetic mutations?

    <p>They are changes in the sequence of DNA. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria are considered mesophiles and thrive in extreme conditions.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their definitions:

    <p>Genome = The complete DNA sequence of an organism Gametes = Cells that contain half of the genetic information for reproduction Karyotyping = The study of chromosomes Alleles = Information in genes that determine traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of natural selection favors a common phenotype, increasing its prevalence in the population?

    <p>Stabilizing Selection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asexual reproduction produces daughter cells that are ____ to the parent cell.

    <p>identical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape do cocci bacteria typically form?

    <p>Chains called Streptococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic drift can lead to increased allele diversity in small populations.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process where bacteria pass genetic material between individuals to survive is called ______.

    <p>conjugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The number of chromosomes in an organism is directly related to its complexity.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is speciation?

    <p>Speciation is the process where environmental factors cause a population to evolve into a new species due to reproductive isolation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which extremophiles thrive in high salt concentrations?

    <p>Halophiles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spirillum bacteria are more common than cocci and bacilli shapes.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ effect refers to a drastic reduction in population size leading to decreased allele frequencies.

    <p>bottleneck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which both archaea and bacteria replicate?

    <p>Binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the isolating mechanisms with their descriptions:

    <p>Behavioral Isolation = Species-specific signals or behaviors Habitat Isolation = Living in different habitats within the same region Temporal Isolation = Different mating times Prezygotic Isolation = Preventing fertilization from occurring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which selection type favors a rare phenotype, increasing its frequency in a population?

    <p>Directional Selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each type of extremophile with its preferred habitat:

    <p>Thermophiles = Near hot springs and deep sea vents Acidophiles = Mine drainage sites Halophiles = The Dead Sea Mesophiles = Moderate environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sexual dimorphism refers to differences between males and females of a species.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a founder effect?

    <p>The founder effect is a situation where a small group of individuals split off from a larger population, leading to reduced genetic diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle cells make up the human heart?

    <p>Cardiac muscle cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The human heart has six chambers.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of blood vessels?

    <p>Arteries, veins, capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The wall that separates the chambers of the heart is called the _____

    <p>septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following blood vessels with their characteristics:

    <p>Arteries = Carry blood away from the heart Veins = Have valves to prevent backflow Capillaries = One cell layer thick Aorta = Largest blood vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood?

    <p>Veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Capillaries are thicker than arteries.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ are the bottom two chambers of the heart that pump blood out to the body.

    <p>ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the xylem in plants?

    <p>Transport water from roots to the rest of the plant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phloem primarily transports water from the roots to other parts of the plant.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stem is characterized as soft and bendy?

    <p>Herbaceous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ layer of a leaf is responsible for trapping energy and performing photosynthesis.

    <p>Palisade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the plant structures to their primary function:

    <p>Stomata = Allow gas exchange in leaves Cambium = Produces new phloem and xylem Pistil = Female reproductive organ of a flower Root hair = Increases water intake from soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is produced by the stem tip and encourages growth towards light?

    <p>Auxin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The epidermis is a single cell layer that protects the inside of the leaf from the environment.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of vascular tissue in plants?

    <p>Xylem and Phloem</p> Signup and view all the answers

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