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The principle of non-retroactivity protects individuals from being punished for behavior that was not illegal at the time it was committed. Rex made laws that were applied ______, punishing people for actions that were legal at the time they were done.
The principle of non-retroactivity protects individuals from being punished for behavior that was not illegal at the time it was committed. Rex made laws that were applied ______, punishing people for actions that were legal at the time they were done.
retroactively
Retroactive laws violate the principle of legal ______ and undermine trust in the law.
Retroactive laws violate the principle of legal ______ and undermine trust in the law.
certainty
Clarity in law ensures that individuals know what is ______ of them and that the laws are applied consistently.
Clarity in law ensures that individuals know what is ______ of them and that the laws are applied consistently.
expected
Rex wrote laws that were so confusing that even legal experts couldn’t agree on what they ______.
Rex wrote laws that were so confusing that even legal experts couldn’t agree on what they ______.
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Laws must not contradict each ______.
Laws must not contradict each ______.
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Rex issued contradictory laws, which meant that people were simultaneously required to do one thing and ______ from doing the same thing.
Rex issued contradictory laws, which meant that people were simultaneously required to do one thing and ______ from doing the same thing.
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Laws must be possible to follow. If laws require individuals to do things that are impossible or overly ______, then the legal system becomes oppressive.
Laws must be possible to follow. If laws require individuals to do things that are impossible or overly ______, then the legal system becomes oppressive.
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Non-contradiction ensures ______ within the legal system.
Non-contradiction ensures ______ within the legal system.
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The judge in an inquisitorial system is responsible for uncovering the ______ rather than just overseeing the contest between parties.
The judge in an inquisitorial system is responsible for uncovering the ______ rather than just overseeing the contest between parties.
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A trial by jury typically involves a group of ordinary citizens, usually ______, tasked with determining the facts of a case.
A trial by jury typically involves a group of ordinary citizens, usually ______, tasked with determining the facts of a case.
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One main purpose of a jury is to introduce community ______ into the judicial process.
One main purpose of a jury is to introduce community ______ into the judicial process.
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Jurors are usually selected through random public ______ from voter registration or other public records.
Jurors are usually selected through random public ______ from voter registration or other public records.
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Judges should be appointed based on merit, legal expertise, and a commitment to judicial ______.
Judges should be appointed based on merit, legal expertise, and a commitment to judicial ______.
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A judicial selection ______ could assess candidates' qualifications and recommend appointments.
A judicial selection ______ could assess candidates' qualifications and recommend appointments.
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Judges should be required to retire at a set age, such as ______, to ensure a dynamic judiciary.
Judges should be required to retire at a set age, such as ______, to ensure a dynamic judiciary.
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Chief Justice Roberts emphasizes that judges are merely applying the law, not ______ it.
Chief Justice Roberts emphasizes that judges are merely applying the law, not ______ it.
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Private law deals with mutual relations between ______.
Private law deals with mutual relations between ______.
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Property law governs ownership rights and interests in real and personal ______.
Property law governs ownership rights and interests in real and personal ______.
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Contract law deals with agreements between ______.
Contract law deals with agreements between ______.
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Tort law provides remedies for individuals harmed by the actions or ______ of others.
Tort law provides remedies for individuals harmed by the actions or ______ of others.
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Family law addresses legal issues related to family matters, such as marriage, divorce, child custody, and ______.
Family law addresses legal issues related to family matters, such as marriage, divorce, child custody, and ______.
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European Union law includes treaties between ______ states.
European Union law includes treaties between ______ states.
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Substantive law outlines what people can and cannot ______.
Substantive law outlines what people can and cannot ______.
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Examples of substantive law include laws defining ______, regulations on property ownership, and rules governing contracts.
Examples of substantive law include laws defining ______, regulations on property ownership, and rules governing contracts.
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Judges are likened to ______ who 'call balls and strikes.'
Judges are likened to ______ who 'call balls and strikes.'
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Martin Shapiro argues in 'Judges as ______' that judges shape the law through interpretation.
Martin Shapiro argues in 'Judges as ______' that judges shape the law through interpretation.
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Judges' decisions can be influenced by personal or ______ factors.
Judges' decisions can be influenced by personal or ______ factors.
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The myth of judicial ______ fosters public trust in the legal system.
The myth of judicial ______ fosters public trust in the legal system.
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Judicial legitimacy depends on accountability, transparent ______, and the justification of decisions.
Judicial legitimacy depends on accountability, transparent ______, and the justification of decisions.
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Judges gain legitimacy by their ability to explain and defend their ______.
Judges gain legitimacy by their ability to explain and defend their ______.
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Judicial legitimacy is built on reasoned decisions grounded in law and public ______.
Judicial legitimacy is built on reasoned decisions grounded in law and public ______.
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Chief Justice John Roberts emphasizes that judges are legitimate because they apply the law, not ______ it.
Chief Justice John Roberts emphasizes that judges are legitimate because they apply the law, not ______ it.
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Martin Shapiro contends that judges often shape the law through their ______, challenging the idea of pure impartiality.
Martin Shapiro contends that judges often shape the law through their ______, challenging the idea of pure impartiality.
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Shapiro sees the myth of ______ as necessary to sustain public trust in the judiciary.
Shapiro sees the myth of ______ as necessary to sustain public trust in the judiciary.
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In common law traditions, judicial legitimacy is heavily tied to the idea of ______.
In common law traditions, judicial legitimacy is heavily tied to the idea of ______.
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In civil law systems, judges are seen as ______ rather than creators of law.
In civil law systems, judges are seen as ______ rather than creators of law.
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Judges fill gaps in the law through ______, allowing them to adapt to new circumstances.
Judges fill gaps in the law through ______, allowing them to adapt to new circumstances.
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The degree of ______ and the process of reasoning they use in their decisions further solidify their legitimacy.
The degree of ______ and the process of reasoning they use in their decisions further solidify their legitimacy.
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In Williams v. Walker-Thomas Furniture Co., Ms. Williams bought household items on ______ plans.
In Williams v. Walker-Thomas Furniture Co., Ms. Williams bought household items on ______ plans.
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The contract in Williams v. Walker-Thomas included a 'cross-collateral' ______, allowing repossession of all items if payments defaulted.
The contract in Williams v. Walker-Thomas included a 'cross-collateral' ______, allowing repossession of all items if payments defaulted.
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Fuller identified eight principles that a legal system must follow: generality, publicity, non-retroactivity, clarity, consistency, possibility of compliance, stability, and ______.
Fuller identified eight principles that a legal system must follow: generality, publicity, non-retroactivity, clarity, consistency, possibility of compliance, stability, and ______.
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Fuller’s account is often seen as a middle ground between natural law and legal ______.
Fuller’s account is often seen as a middle ground between natural law and legal ______.
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Fuller argues that law cannot be effective without an inherent ______ structure.
Fuller argues that law cannot be effective without an inherent ______ structure.
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The ______ case illustrates how unclear or inconsistent laws undermine legal certainty.
The ______ case illustrates how unclear or inconsistent laws undermine legal certainty.
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In 2024, the government legalized ______, creating a regulated market for new businesses.
In 2024, the government legalized ______, creating a regulated market for new businesses.
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When the law was reversed in 2030, judges prosecuted the Elves for actions that were previously ______.
When the law was reversed in 2030, judges prosecuted the Elves for actions that were previously ______.
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Proper rule of law requires laws to be clear, stable, and not ______ applied.
Proper rule of law requires laws to be clear, stable, and not ______ applied.
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The indicators of the rule of law can measure aspects like legal ______, but they have limitations.
The indicators of the rule of law can measure aspects like legal ______, but they have limitations.
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Test your knowledge on various topics with this general study notes quiz. It covers a wide range of subjects and helps identify areas for improvement. Perfect for students looking to revise or understand better the material they have studied.
