General Study Notes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which process is used for SO2 removal?

  • Selective catalytic reduction
  • Gasification
  • CO2 sequestration
  • Scrubbing (correct)

Low NOx burners increase the overall flame temperature during combustion.

False (B)

What technology is currently being tested for CO2 sequestration on an industrial scale?

Boundary Dam project

The main contributors to NOx formation are ___ and ___ present in a boiler system.

<p>thermal NOx, fuel NOx</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following technologies with their primary functions:

<p>Low NOx burners = Reduce NOx emissions Flyash Collection = Collection of combustion residues FGD system = Remove SO2 from flue gas CO2 capture = Sequester carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What catalyst is typically used in an SCR system for NOx reduction?

<p>Vanadium-titania (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main product formed when calcium hydroxide reacts with sulfur dioxide?

<p>Calcium sulfite (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of ammonia vapour is typically dosed in the SCR process?

<p>2-5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

The reaction between O and N2 in combustion directly produces NO2.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The air separation process aims to increase the amount of CO2 in flue gas.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mist eliminators in the flue gas cleaning process?

<p>To keep droplet carryover to the stack as low as possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the amount of CO2 produced per kg of coal fuel used?

<p>2.75 kg CO2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The reaction SO2(g) + CaCO3(s) + 12 H2O produces ___________ and CO2.

<p>CaSO3 × 12 H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves injecting an atomized mist for SO2 removal?

<p>Dry scrubbing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flue gases produced from fossil-fired stations only include CO2 and H2O.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many tonnes of SO2 are emitted per year from the coal combustion based on the content?

<p>38,100 tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following CO2 capture processes with their descriptions:

<p>Air separation = Removes N2 before combustion CO2 absorption = Uses solvents to capture CO2 Membrane separation = Utilizes selective permeable membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Typical arrangements for flue-gas cleanup include low NOx burners and complete removal of __________.

<p>particulate flyash</p> Signup and view all the answers

The use of air separation increases the thermal efficiency of a coal power plant.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these gases is NOT typically produced from combustion in fossil-fired stations?

<p>O3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected increase in levelized generation cost when using advanced CO2 capture methods compared to conventional coal plants?

<p>At least 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following environmental pollutants with their source:

<p>CO2 = Combustion of fossil fuels SO2 = Burning of coal Flyash = Particulates from boiler NOx = High temperature combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Renewable energy production has less environmental impact once established, but emissions can occur during __________ and fabrication.

<p>production</p> Signup and view all the answers

Effective environmental remediation is not necessary to comply with air quality regulations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

CO2 Emission Calculation

The amount of CO2 produced from burning fuel is calculated based on the fuel's composition and its burning rate.

Ultimate Analysis of Fuel

The ultimate analysis of a fuel determines the elemental composition, typically including carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and ash.

Flue Gases

Gases released from a combustion process, typically containing CO2, H2O, CO, SO2, NOx, and particulate matter like flyash.

Environmental Remediation

The process of cleaning up and mitigating environmental impacts caused by human activities, such as electricity production.

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Flyash

Fine particles of ash and unburned fuel carried out of a boiler with flue gases.

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Low NOx Burners

Special burners designed to reduce the formation of NOx in the combustion process.

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Particulate Removal

Removing solid particles like flyash from flue gases using filters or other methods.

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Selective Catalytic NOx Reduction

A process using a catalyst to convert NOx into less harmful gases.

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Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD)

A process used to remove sulfur dioxide (SO2) from flue gases, typically from coal-fired power plants, to reduce air pollution.

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Wet FGD

A type of FGD process that uses a slurry of lime (calcium hydroxide) to absorb SO2. The reaction creates solid calcium sulfite or gypsum, which is collected and disposed of.

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Dry Scrubber

A type of FGD process where atomized calcium hydroxide is injected into the hot flue gas, reacting with SO2 to form solid calcium sulfite, which is later collected with the flyash.

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CO2 Capture

A technology aimed at capturing CO2 released from power plants and other sources, preventing it from entering the atmosphere.

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Air Separation

A CO2 capture method that separates nitrogen (N2) from air before combustion, producing pure oxygen (O2) for use in the power plant.

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Syngas

A mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) produced during gasification of coal or biomass.

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Combined Cycle Turbine System

A system where a gas turbine and a steam turbine work together to increase power plant efficiency. The hot exhaust from the gas turbine heats water to drive the steam turbine.

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Thermal Efficiency

The ratio of useful energy output to the total energy input in a power plant. A higher thermal efficiency means less energy wasted.

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NOx

A group of nitrogen oxides, mainly NO with some NO2, formed during combustion in boilers. It contributes to smog and acid rain.

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Thermal NOx

Nitrogen oxides formed from the oxidation of nitrogen in combustion air, occurring at high temperatures.

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Fuel NOx

Nitrogen oxides formed from the nitrogen present in the fuel itself during combustion.

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Staged Combustion

A method used in low NOx burners to reduce NOx formation by controlling the combustion process in stages.

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Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

A process to reduce NOx emissions by using a catalyst to convert NOx into less harmful gases using ammonia.

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Vanadium-Titania Catalyst

A type of catalyst used in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) to convert NOx into less harmful nitrogen gas.

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Clean Coal Technologies

Methods to reduce emissions from coal-fired power plants, including capturing CO2, removing Sulfur, and reducing NOx.

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CO2 Sequestration

Capturing and permanently storing CO2 from industrial sources, preventing its release into the atmosphere.

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Module 2 PDF - Lecture Notes on Heat Engines and Thermodynamic Cycles

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