General Study Notes Quiz

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What condition is indicated by the ECG pattern in the 4-year-old girl?

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia
Stokes-Adams pattern
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (correct)

What may occur as a consequence of ventricular tachycardia?

May induce ventricular fibrillation (correct)
Cured by increased fluid intake
Usually begins spontaneously
May develop gradually

What is the earliest time meconium should be secreted by a newborn?

Within the first 24 hours after birth (correct)
Within the first 48 hours after birth
Within the first 12 hours after birth
Anytime after one week of birth

What does the term 'hematemesis' refer to?

Bloody vomit (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique is considered the best for detecting bronchiectasis?

Computed tomography (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for proper breastfeeding according to recommended guidelines?

Exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about newborn gestation?

Considered timely from 37 to 42 weeks (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is associated with the Gleason capsule?

Spleen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of the symptoms presented by the 4-year-old child who ingested a home product?

Ingestion of a medication containing atropine (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is most likely to cause methemoglobinemia in a patient?

Amyl nitrite (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a useful drug for the prophylaxis of angina of effort in a patient who has increased frequency of angina attacks?

Diltiazem (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is reliably effective against both gonococci and C. trachomatis and safe for the patient?

Cefixime (D) Signup and view all the answers

In a patient presenting with chest pain that occurs during exercise and resolves with rest, what could be a likely underlying condition?

Angina of effort (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an acceptable treatment for a patient with community-acquired pneumonia and a severe ampicillin allergy?

Levofloxacin (D) Signup and view all the answers

After using nitroglycerin, a patient notes the drug is less effective for treatment of acute attacks over time. What is a potential reason for this?

Increased tolerance to the drug (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication among the following is typically used for immediate relief during acute angina attacks?

Sublingual nitroglycerin (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is NOT considered appropriate therapy for a urinary tract infection caused by E. coli?

Moxifloxacin (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is correctly matched with its adverse effect?

Nitrofurantoin—pulmonary fibrosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient diagnosed with angina pectoris is seeking an agent for long-term management. Which of the following options would be most appropriate?

Long-acting nitrates (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of brownish cyanosis, marked shortness of breath, and hypotension in a patient suggest?

Methemoglobinemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What side effect contraindicates the use of trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole in a pregnant woman?

Kernicterus (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is involved in metronidazole's action against Trichomonas infection?

Disruption of DNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is most suitable for treating a 67-year-old diabetic man diagnosed with external otitis characterized by purulent exudate and gram-negative rods?

Clindamycin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What syndrome is most likely to occur in a patient suffering from aspirin overdose?

Reye's syndrome (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by E. coli?

Dysuria (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate initial treatment for a patient with external otitis and a primary diagnosis of gram-negative infection?

Gentamicin plus ticarcillin in the hospital (C) Signup and view all the answers

If a patient receiving amikacin at 5 mg/kg every 8 hours experiences a decline in creatinine clearance to 40 mL/min, what should be the most reasonable adjustment in the treatment plan?

Administer 5 mg/kg every 12 hours (A) Signup and view all the answers

A 24-year-old woman with traveler's diarrhea due to a gram-negative bacillus would likely respond best to which antibiotic?

Ciprofloxacin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most critical factor to consider in the treatment of a patient with gonorrhea who has a history of acute hemolysis due to an antimalarial drug?

Use of alternative antibiotics (D) Signup and view all the answers

For a patient experiencing symptoms of external otitis including edema and purulent exudate, which drug should NOT be prioritized for immediate treatment?

Doxycycline (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT recommended as a first-line treatment for traveler’s diarrhea caused by gram-negative bacilli?

Vancomycin (C) Signup and view all the answers

How should the management of a gram-negative infection be adjusted if the patient experiences impaired kidney function after starting treatment?

Reduce the dosage or extend the interval between doses (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which process does not occur in hepatocytes?

Production of digestive enzymes (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which situation would you suspect meconium ileus?

Meconium is not excreted in the first 24 hours after birth (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic criterion for pneumonia in children under 2 months with an acute respiratory infection?

Respiratory rate of 60 and more per minute (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about diphenhydramine overdose is most accurate?

More of the drug would be ionized at blood pH than at stomach pH. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the reduction of active drug amount in the body after administration but before systemic circulation?

First-pass effect (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most plausible reason for the lower plasma concentration of morphine when taken orally?

First-pass metabolism reducing active drug (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely side effect for a child with bacterial pharyngitis starting oral antibiotics?

Skin rash or itching (B) Signup and view all the answers

What complication may arise from an overdose of an antihistaminic drug like diphenhydramine?

Altered heart rate inducing tachycardia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism through which the drug lowers serum cholesterol?

Increasing the shunting of hepatic cholesterol into bile acid synthesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which effect of nitroglycerin best helps alleviate angina in effort-induced cases?

Dilation of coronary arterioles to increase coronary flow (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does a β-adrenergic blocker reduce the severity of angina attacks?

Decreases myocardial oxygen demand (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern when using a nitroglycerin transdermal delivery system continuously?

Development of tolerance to the vasodilatory effects (A) Signup and view all the answers

For a patient with moderate hypertension and a family history of cardiovascular disease, which drug is likely prescribed?

ACE inhibitor to reduce blood pressure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected cardiovascular benefit of using nitroglycerin during an angina episode?

Decreased preload through venous dilation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What primary pharmacological action is expected from a β-blocker for angina treatment?

Reduction in heart rate and myocardial oxygen use (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of endothelial cell-associated lipoprotein lipase in cholesterol metabolism?

Hydrolyzing triglycerides in lipoproteins (C) Signup and view all the answers

Glucogenesis

The process of converting glucose into glycogen, which is stored in the liver and muscles.

Creating a glycogen supply

The creation and storage of glycogen in the liver and muscles.

Products of blood clotting proteins

The process by which certain proteins in the liver are produced, which are essential for blood clotting.