General Study Notes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What condition is indicated by the ECG pattern in the 4-year-old girl?

  • Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
  • Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia
  • Stokes-Adams pattern
  • Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (correct)
  • What may occur as a consequence of ventricular tachycardia?

  • May induce ventricular fibrillation (correct)
  • Cured by increased fluid intake
  • Usually begins spontaneously
  • May develop gradually
  • What is the earliest time meconium should be secreted by a newborn?

  • Within the first 24 hours after birth (correct)
  • Within the first 48 hours after birth
  • Within the first 12 hours after birth
  • Anytime after one week of birth
  • What does the term 'hematemesis' refer to?

    <p>Bloody vomit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique is considered the best for detecting bronchiectasis?

    <p>Computed tomography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for proper breastfeeding according to recommended guidelines?

    <p>Exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about newborn gestation?

    <p>Considered timely from 37 to 42 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is associated with the Gleason capsule?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of the symptoms presented by the 4-year-old child who ingested a home product?

    <p>Ingestion of a medication containing atropine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is most likely to cause methemoglobinemia in a patient?

    <p>Amyl nitrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a useful drug for the prophylaxis of angina of effort in a patient who has increased frequency of angina attacks?

    <p>Diltiazem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is reliably effective against both gonococci and C. trachomatis and safe for the patient?

    <p>Cefixime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient presenting with chest pain that occurs during exercise and resolves with rest, what could be a likely underlying condition?

    <p>Angina of effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an acceptable treatment for a patient with community-acquired pneumonia and a severe ampicillin allergy?

    <p>Levofloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After using nitroglycerin, a patient notes the drug is less effective for treatment of acute attacks over time. What is a potential reason for this?

    <p>Increased tolerance to the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication among the following is typically used for immediate relief during acute angina attacks?

    <p>Sublingual nitroglycerin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is NOT considered appropriate therapy for a urinary tract infection caused by E. coli?

    <p>Moxifloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is correctly matched with its adverse effect?

    <p>Nitrofurantoin—pulmonary fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient diagnosed with angina pectoris is seeking an agent for long-term management. Which of the following options would be most appropriate?

    <p>Long-acting nitrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of brownish cyanosis, marked shortness of breath, and hypotension in a patient suggest?

    <p>Methemoglobinemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect contraindicates the use of trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole in a pregnant woman?

    <p>Kernicterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is involved in metronidazole's action against Trichomonas infection?

    <p>Disruption of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is most suitable for treating a 67-year-old diabetic man diagnosed with external otitis characterized by purulent exudate and gram-negative rods?

    <p>Clindamycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What syndrome is most likely to occur in a patient suffering from aspirin overdose?

    <p>Reye's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by E. coli?

    <p>Dysuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate initial treatment for a patient with external otitis and a primary diagnosis of gram-negative infection?

    <p>Gentamicin plus ticarcillin in the hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient receiving amikacin at 5 mg/kg every 8 hours experiences a decline in creatinine clearance to 40 mL/min, what should be the most reasonable adjustment in the treatment plan?

    <p>Administer 5 mg/kg every 12 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 24-year-old woman with traveler's diarrhea due to a gram-negative bacillus would likely respond best to which antibiotic?

    <p>Ciprofloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most critical factor to consider in the treatment of a patient with gonorrhea who has a history of acute hemolysis due to an antimalarial drug?

    <p>Use of alternative antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a patient experiencing symptoms of external otitis including edema and purulent exudate, which drug should NOT be prioritized for immediate treatment?

    <p>Doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT recommended as a first-line treatment for traveler’s diarrhea caused by gram-negative bacilli?

    <p>Vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the management of a gram-negative infection be adjusted if the patient experiences impaired kidney function after starting treatment?

    <p>Reduce the dosage or extend the interval between doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process does not occur in hepatocytes?

    <p>Production of digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation would you suspect meconium ileus?

    <p>Meconium is not excreted in the first 24 hours after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic criterion for pneumonia in children under 2 months with an acute respiratory infection?

    <p>Respiratory rate of 60 and more per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about diphenhydramine overdose is most accurate?

    <p>More of the drug would be ionized at blood pH than at stomach pH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the reduction of active drug amount in the body after administration but before systemic circulation?

    <p>First-pass effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most plausible reason for the lower plasma concentration of morphine when taken orally?

    <p>First-pass metabolism reducing active drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely side effect for a child with bacterial pharyngitis starting oral antibiotics?

    <p>Skin rash or itching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication may arise from an overdose of an antihistaminic drug like diphenhydramine?

    <p>Altered heart rate inducing tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism through which the drug lowers serum cholesterol?

    <p>Increasing the shunting of hepatic cholesterol into bile acid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect of nitroglycerin best helps alleviate angina in effort-induced cases?

    <p>Dilation of coronary arterioles to increase coronary flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a β-adrenergic blocker reduce the severity of angina attacks?

    <p>Decreases myocardial oxygen demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern when using a nitroglycerin transdermal delivery system continuously?

    <p>Development of tolerance to the vasodilatory effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a patient with moderate hypertension and a family history of cardiovascular disease, which drug is likely prescribed?

    <p>ACE inhibitor to reduce blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected cardiovascular benefit of using nitroglycerin during an angina episode?

    <p>Decreased preload through venous dilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary pharmacological action is expected from a β-blocker for angina treatment?

    <p>Reduction in heart rate and myocardial oxygen use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of endothelial cell-associated lipoprotein lipase in cholesterol metabolism?

    <p>Hydrolyzing triglycerides in lipoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

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    Test your knowledge with this General Study Notes quiz. The questions cover a wide range of topics to assess your comprehension and recall abilities. Perfect for students looking to prepare for exams or reinforce their learning.

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