General Study Notes Overview

<p>Necrosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carcinoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metastasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HBV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of red blood cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibroma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metastasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melanocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oncogene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemotherapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysplasia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune defense (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dehydration or obstruction can contribute to constipation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endoscopy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pituitary adenoma secreting growth hormone (GH). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat intolerance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulation of blood calcium levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cortisol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CT scan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypopituitarism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swelling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtering blood and removing old red blood cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiogenic shock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atherosclerosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphedema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtering lymph fluid and trapping pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swollen lymph nodes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thymus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involves only a small area of the brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vision changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blockage of blood flow to the brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cataracts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dry is more common while wet involves neovascularization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GBS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damage to the cochlea or auditory nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Numbness in the extremities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H. pylori infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer of the colon and rectum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Achalasia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autodigestion of pancreatic tissue by enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jaundice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic alcohol use and hepatitis B/C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe epigastric pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study of functional changes due to a disease.

The cause or origin of a disease, such as genetic or environmental factors.

Acute: rapid onset, short duration. Chronic: slow progression, long-term.

New, uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.

Body's response to injury or infection indicated by redness, swelling, and pain.

Benign: non-invasive; Malignant: invasive and can metastasize.

The process of development of cancer due to mutations and environmental factors.

TNM stands for Tumor size (T), Node involvement (N), Metastasis (M).

Filter lymph to trap pathogens and are located in areas like the neck and groin.

Transport lymph fluid throughout the body.

Filters blood, removes old red blood cells, and stores white blood cells.

Matures T lymphocytes that play a key role in the immune response.

High blood pressure, can lead to serious health complications like stroke.

Classification of cancer cells based on appearance (low vs. high grade).

The spread of cancer cells to distant body sites.

Hardening of arteries due to plaque buildup, risking heart attack or stroke.

Formation of new blood vessels to support tumor growth.

Swelling caused by lymphatic obstruction, often after surgeries.

A gene that promotes tumor growth.

Lack of blood supply to tissues, leading to potential tissue death.

Genes that prevent uncontrolled cell growth (e.g., p53).

Protects, senses, thermoregulates, excretes, synthesizes vitamin D, and defends immunologically.

Outer layer of skin; contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, and immune cells.

Increased gastrointestinal motility and decreased absorption of nutrients.

Slowed gastrointestinal motility causing dehydration or obstruction in the intestines.

A diagnostic test for conditions such as GERD and ulcers using a flexible tube with a camera.

A procedure used to examine the colon, often for IBD or colorectal cancer.

Tests measuring AST, ALT, and bilirubin levels for liver conditions like hepatitis.

A mnemonic to remember causes of peptic ulcers: Vascular, Acid, NSAIDs, Drugs, Alcohol, Lifestyle, Infection, Malignancy.

Condition caused by excess growth hormone from a pituitary adenoma, leading to tissue growth.

A condition where the thyroid produces excess hormones, often causing weight loss and heat intolerance.

A condition caused by damage to the stomach or duodenum lining, often from H.pylori infection or NSAIDs.

A gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits, possibly linked to stress.

A type of inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the GI tract, marked by skip lesions and granulomas.

An inflammatory bowel disease affecting only the colon and rectum, with continuous lesions and mucosal layer inflammation.

Solid particles formed from bile components, causing pain, especially in the right upper quadrant, and potential jaundice.

Inflammation of the pancreas, often due to alcohol or gallstones, leading to severe abdominal pain and digestive issues.

Inflammation of the liver caused by viruses, alcohol, or toxins, leading to hepatocyte damage.

A disorder where the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax, causing swallowing difficulties and chest pain.

Tremors, bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability.

Autoimmune attack on myelin in the CNS causing demyelination.

Blood flow blockage due to clot or atherosclerosis.

Temporary ischemia without permanent damage; warning sign for future strokes.

Abnormal electrical activity in the brain leading to seizures.

Ascending weakness and paralysis from autoimmune attack on peripheral myelin.

Clouding of the lens in the eye causing blurry vision.

Obstruction or damage to the outer/middle ear; e.g., wax buildup, otitis media.