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Questions and Answers

What was the first publication to apply psychology to business?

  • The Theory of Advertising (correct)
  • Increasing Human Efficiency in Business
  • Psychology and Industrial Efficiency
  • Journal of Applied Psychology
  • What event provided the first chance to use employee testing on a large scale?

  • World War I (correct)
  • The Civil Rights Movement
  • The Great Depression
  • World War II
  • Which of these terms was NOT used to describe the field of I/O psychology before World War I?

  • Economic Psychology
  • Personnel Psychology (correct)
  • Employment Psychology
  • Business Psychology
  • Who is credited with developing perceptual and motor tests for the U.S. Army during World War I?

    <p>John Watson (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did Division 14 of the APA change its name to SIOP?

    <p>1982 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the Supreme Court ruling shift towards a more "employer friendly" approach?

    <p>1989 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does "mean effect size" refer to in the context of meta-analysis?

    <p>The overall effect of a variable across multiple studies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these acts was passed by the U.S. Congress to address employer discrimination against individuals with disabilities?

    <p>Americans with Disabilities Act (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the initial focus of the Hawthorne studies?

    <p>Understanding the influence of working conditions on employee productivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Hawthorne effect?

    <p>The tendency for employees to work harder when they are being observed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following areas falls under the scope of personnel psychology?

    <p>Analyzing job requirements and recruiting qualified candidates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of organizational psychology?

    <p>Understanding the factors that influence employee motivation and job satisfaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term "Human Factors/Ergonomics" refer to?

    <p>The design of workspaces and tools that are safe and efficient for employees to use (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology established?

    <p>1945 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which year saw the passage of the Equal Pay Act?

    <p>1963 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant legislation was passed in 1964, impacting workplace equality?

    <p>The Civil Rights Act (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary outcome of the Hawthorne studies?

    <p>The studies demonstrated that individual worker productivity is heavily influenced by their interpersonal relationships with managers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who created a comprehensive knowledge test to assess the skills of over 900 applicants?

    <p>Thomas A. Edison (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the industrial approach within I/O psychology?

    <p>To enhance organizational performance by optimizing the selection, placement, and training of employees. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these individuals is NOT considered a pioneer in the field of industrial/organizational psychology?

    <p>Bruce Moore (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The statement "To enhance the dignity and performance of human beings, and the organizations they work in..." refers to which core aspect of I/O psychology?

    <p>The emphasis on improving employee well-being and productivity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Hawthorne studies’ findings?

    <p>To understand the impact of work environment factors on employee performance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a core area of application for principles of I/O psychology?

    <p>Designing user-friendly software interfaces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these individuals is known for their work in reducing fatigue and improving efficiency through motion studies?

    <p>Frank Gilbreth and Lillian Moller Gilbreth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary issue with letters of recommendation according to the research?

    <p>The person writing the letter usually does not know the applicant well. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment method allows multiple assessors to observe applicants performing simulated job tasks?

    <p>Simulation exercises (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common characteristic do most letters of recommendation share?

    <p>They are overwhelmingly positive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What problem is associated with the reliability of references?

    <p>There is often disagreement between different references for the same applicant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does liking an applicant influence the length of letters of recommendation?

    <p>Letters from references who like applicants tend to be longer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the in-basket technique simulate?

    <p>The types of daily tasks a manager handles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of exercise is identified as the real backbone of the assessment center?

    <p>Simulation exercises (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of assessment involves applicants discussing a job-related problem in small groups?

    <p>Leaderless group discussions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Split-Half Method?

    <p>To correlate two test scores by splitting items. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of validity focuses on whether a test measures the intended content?

    <p>Content Validity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Spearman-Brown prophecy formula adjust for?

    <p>Reliability of a test score. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does interrater reliability measure?

    <p>Consistency of ratings given by different interviewers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the restricted range in validity studies?

    <p>Difficulty in obtaining a significant validity coefficient. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does adverse impact refer to in the context of testing?

    <p>The selection rate for a group being below 80% of the highest scoring group. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes differential validity?

    <p>A test shows different validity levels for different groups. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of multiple regression in the hiring decision process?

    <p>To combine scores from multiple criteria-valid tests. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a forced-choice rating scale in employee performance evaluation?

    <p>To compare multiple employees and select the best (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method allows evaluators to categorize a predetermined percentage of employees into performance levels?

    <p>Forced distribution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one example of an objective measure of employee performance?

    <p>Attendance tracking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Peter principle refer to in the context of employee promotion?

    <p>Promotion ends when employees reach their highest performance level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evaluation method relies on a list of specific behaviors to assess employee performance?

    <p>Behavioral checklists (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'contamination' mean in the context of employee performance evaluations?

    <p>Performance scores influenced by unrelated factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aspects is NOT a reason for evaluating employee performance?

    <p>Identifying personal biases of evaluators (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which performance appraisal method is most common for rating performance?

    <p>Graphic rating scale (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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