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Questions and Answers

What was the primary purpose of the Royal Society?

  • To manage book printing
  • To further scientific understanding through experiments (correct)
  • To establish schools for education
  • To oversee medical practice

King Charles II granted a Royal Charter to the Royal Society to help it gain credibility.

True (A)

In what year was the printing press invented?

1440

The Royal Society published a journal called __________ from 1665.

<p>Philosophical Transactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the printing press impact the distribution of ideas?

<p>Books could be shared faster across wider areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant role did the Royal Society play in the scientific community?

<p>It sponsored scientists and encouraged new theories and ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Royal Society only focused on medical research.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Royal Society = Supported scientific research and collaboration Philosophical Transactions = A journal published by the Royal Society Printing Press = Allowed books and ideas to spread quickly King Charles II = Granted a Royal Charter to the Royal Society</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary believed cause of the Great Plague?

<p>Miasma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

People in 1665 believed more than ever that diseases could spread from person to person.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did local councils take in 1665 in response to the Great Plague?

<p>They were ordered to take measures to stop the plague from spreading.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Great Plague, many people believed that diseases were caused by __________.

<p>miasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the event to its description during the Great Plague:

<p>Quarantine = Isolation of infected individuals Herbal remedies = Natural treatments used by many Closure of theatres = Banning of large gatherings Killing pets = Removal of potentially infected animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method saw greater actions taken during the Great Plague compared to the Black Death?

<p>Quarantine measures enforced by authorities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Great Plague had several new treatments that differ significantly from those used during the Black Death.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the common treatments used by people during the Great Plague?

<p>Herbal remedies</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change in medicine did Vesalius bring about?

<p>He made the study of anatomy fashionable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dissection was a common practice in both Medieval and Renaissance medicine.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the title of Vesalius's most famous book published in 1543?

<p>On the Fabric of the Human Body</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vesalius studied medicine in _____ and became a professor in Padua.

<p>Paris</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year was William Harvey's influential publication on blood circulation released?

<p>1628 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a result of Vesalius's work?

<p>He proved many of Galen's works were incorrect. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match Vesalius's contributions to their impact on medicine.

<p>Improved understanding of the human body = Led to enhanced medical practices Legalization of dissection = Promoted anatomical studies Published detailed illustrations = Inspired further discoveries Questioned Galen's theories = Encouraged critical analysis of medical knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

William Harvey solely relied on textbooks for diagnosis and treatment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did William Harvey discover about the flow of blood?

<p>Blood is pumped around the body by the heart and flows in one direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of Vesalius's teachings on other medical professionals?

<p>He encouraged them to carry out dissections and make further discoveries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

William Harvey was influenced by new technology such as __________, which helped him understand circulatory functions.

<p>mechanical water pumps</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vesalius's work was only recognized in Italy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms to their definitions:

<p>Heart = Pumps blood around the body Veins = Carry blood back to the heart Arteries = Carry blood away from the heart Circulation = The movement of blood through the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one impact of Harvey's findings on medical knowledge?

<p>It questions many of Galen's theories. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Harvey's discoveries left no unanswered questions and marked the end of medical experimentation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what capacity did William Harvey serve under James I?

<p>He was one of James I's doctors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which time period did the Black Death occur?

<p>c1250–c1500 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Germ Theory was developed in the Renaissance period.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were two significant advancements in medicine during the 18th and 19th century?

<p>Anaesthetics and antiseptics</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ was a major epidemic that struck Europe, leading to significant changes in public health.

<p>Black Death</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following historical figures or concepts with their contributions:

<p>William Harvey = Circulation of blood Edward Jenner = Vaccination for smallpox Robert Koch = Germ Theory Louis Pasteur = Pasteurization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common belief about disease during the Middle Ages?

<p>Diseases were caused by supernatural forces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Western Front primarily refers to the medical advancements made during World War II.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The practice of _____ involved methods to prevent infection during surgery.

<p>antiseptics</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of medical advancements between c1700 and c1900?

<p>Understanding of germs and improvement in hospital care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a key development that occurred during the Renaissance?

<p>Scientific approaches to understanding disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major development in the 19th century significantly reduced surgical infection rates?

<p>Antiseptics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ether was a completely safe anaesthetic with no side effects.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Joseph Lister?

<p>A surgeon who developed antiseptic techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

By the end of the 19th century, hospitals had improved with developments in anaesthetics and __________.

<p>antiseptics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the anaesthetic to its description:

<p>Ether = Made patients unconscious, but could cause coughing Alcohol = Used before 1800, minimal effect on pain Laughing gas = Used in dentistry, but did not ease all pain Carbolic acid = Used for antiseptic treatment of wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements describes the impact of Pasteur’s germ theory?

<p>It resulted in improved hygiene in hospitals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nurses played a less significant role in patient care in hospitals by the end of the 19th century.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one problem that made surgery dangerous before the 19th century.

<p>Blood loss, pain, or infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Printing Press

Invented in 1440, it allowed for faster book production and idea sharing.

Royal Society

Established to promote scientific knowledge, experiments, and theories.

Philosophical Transactions

A journal published by the Royal Society since 1665 for scientific ideas sharing.

Scientific Collaboration

Doctors and scientists studying and building on each other's research.

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King Charles II

Granted the Royal Charter to the Royal Society, promoting its credibility.

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Experiments in Science

The Royal Society carried out and recorded results to further understanding.

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Medical Community

A network where findings and research are shared quickly among doctors and scientists.

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Research Sponsorship

The Royal Society sponsored scientists for conducting research.

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Pearson Endorsement

A confirmation that a resource supports Pearson qualifications.

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Assessment Activities

Tasks or questions related to evaluating student performance.

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Black Death

A devastating plague that struck Europe in the 14th century.

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Germ Theory

The theory that microorganisms cause disease.

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Vaccination

A method of preventing disease by exposing the body to weakened pathogens.

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Anaesthetics

Substances that induce insensitivity to pain.

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Rational Explanations for Disease

Scientific reasons for the occurrence of illnesses, moving away from superstition.

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Improvements in Hospital Care

Advancements in medical practices and facilities to better serve patients.

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Preventing Disease

Methods implemented to stop diseases before they occur.

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Source Skills

Techniques for analyzing and interpreting historical documents.

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Andreas Vesalius

A physician who studied medicine in Paris and became a professor of surgery in Padua.

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On the Fabric of the Human Body

Vesalius's influential book published in 1543, featuring detailed human anatomy illustrations.

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Dissection

The practice of cutting open bodies to study anatomy, legalized during Vesalius's time.

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Challenge to Galen

Vesalius's findings showed that some of Galen's theories about anatomy were incorrect.

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Medical training rules

A license was required to work as an apothecary or surgeon after completing training.

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Popularization of anatomy

Vesalius made the study of anatomy fashionable and central to medicine.

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Influence on medical professionals

Vesalius inspired other medical professionals to perform dissections and make discoveries.

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Impact across Europe

Vesalius's work was widely published and circulated across England and Europe.

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William Harvey

A physician known for discovering blood circulation.

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Blood Circulation

The process of blood being pumped throughout the body by the heart.

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An Anatomical Account

Harvey's publication from 1628 detailing blood circulation.

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Dissection Importance

The practice of dissecting bodies to understand anatomy better.

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Galen’s Theories

Ancient medical beliefs that Harvey challenged through research.

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Vesalius’ Influence

Harvey was influenced by Vesalius’ correct theory of blood flow.

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Arteries and Veins

Blood vessels that are part of the circulatory system as discovered by Harvey.

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Observational Medicine

Harvey emphasized observation and recording symptoms over textbooks.

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Antiseptics

Substances that prevent infection by killing or inhibiting microorganisms.

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Joseph Lister

A surgeon who pioneered antiseptic techniques to reduce surgical infections.

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Carbolic Acid

An early antiseptic discovered to kill bacteria and reduce infection risk.

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Surgical Improvements

Advancements in surgical methods that reduce pain, blood loss, and infection.

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Laughing Gas

An anaesthetic used in dentistry that was popularized in 1844.

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Infection Risks in Surgery

High likelihood of infections before the use of antiseptics in surgeries.

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The Great Plague

The first major outbreak of plague in England since the Black Death in 1665.

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Miasma Theory

The belief that diseases were caused by 'bad air' or miasma.

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Four Humours

An ancient belief that imbalances in bodily fluids caused disease.

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Quarantine

Isolation of individuals with the disease to prevent its spread.

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Local Councils' Reaction

Stronger local government actions were taken to combat the plague in 1665.

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Herbal Remedies

Natural treatments using plants that many people relied on during the Plague.

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Banning Gatherings

Prohibition of large public meetings to control the spread of the plague.

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Clean Streets

Efforts to maintain cleanliness in towns to reduce the plague’s spread.

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Study Notes

General Study Notes

  • Study notes are for student use.
  • Notes are concise, avoid repetition, and are factually accurate.
  • Notes focus on key facts, figures, and entities.
  • Personal information is excluded.
  • Metadata, such as page numbers, is ignored.
  • Referencing is excluded unless directly related to the topic.

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