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Questions and Answers

How did the USA emerge from World War I?

The USA emerged from World War I with a booming economy and a growing sense of national pride.

What were the characteristics of the 'Cycle of Prosperity'?

The 'Cycle of Prosperity' was driven by factors such as mass production, increased consumer spending, advertising and the rise of the consumer society.

What are the policies known as 'laissez faire'?

'Laissez faire' policies are a set of economic principles that advocate for minimal government interference in the free market.

Which of the following are considered inequalities of wealth in the 1920s?

<p>The gap between the rich and the poor widened. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The position of women in society in the 1920s was stagnant.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the causes of the failure of Prohibition?

<p>Prohibition failed due to its unpopularity, as many people continued to drink alcohol illegally, which led to an increase in organized crime and violence. The government also lost significant tax revenue from the sale of alcohol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the conditions like for sharecroppers in the 1920s?

<p>Sharecroppers were often poor and had to work the land under harsh conditions. The sharecropping system meant that they had to give a portion of their crop to the white landowner in exchange for farming the land and often faced exploitation and limited opportunities for advancement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the reasons for the rise of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s?

<p>The KKK experienced a resurgence in popularity in the 1920s due to a number of factors, including the promotion of white supremacy and fears of racial and cultural change brought about by immigration and wartime experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the challenges African Americans faced in the 1920s?

<p>African Americans experienced widespread racial discrimination, limited opportunities, and violence. They faced challenges in areas such as voting, education, employment, and social life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the key aspects of the 'Red Scare' in the 1920s?

<p>The 'Red Scare' was a period of intense fear and paranoia about the spread of communism in the USA characterized by widespread accusations of communist infiltration, government crackdowns on suspected communists, and the targeting of immigrants and labor unions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the conditions that lead to the stock market boom of the 1920s.

<p>The booming economy, mass production, rising consumer spending and confidence, the widespread adoption of hire purchase, and the availability of credit contributed to the stock market boom of the 1920s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'buying on the margin', and how did it contribute to the stock market boom?

<p>'Buying on the margin' is a practice where investors only pay a small percentage of the total price of a stock and borrow the rest from a broker. This practice allowed people to invest more than they could afford, fueling the stock market boom but also making it more susceptible to a crash.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were some of the factors that ultimately led to the crash of the stock market in 1929?

<p>Factors that led to the crash of the stock market in 1929 included overproduction, market saturation, a growing gap between production and consumption, and investors losing confidence in the market.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the 'run on the banks' that occurred after the stock market crash.

<p>The 'run on the banks' was a phenomenon where people panicked and rushed to withdraw their deposits from banks, fearing that the banks would fail. This led to a shortage of cash and further exacerbated the economic crisis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Great Depression impact farmers?

<p>Farmers experienced declining crop prices due to overproduction, faced foreclosure due to inability to repay loans, experienced a decline in demand for agricultural goods, and were hit by drought and the Dust Bowl.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by a 'spiral of depression', and how did it further exacerbate the economic crisis?

<p>A 'spiral of depression' occurs as a result of a chain reaction of events that worsen the economic downturn. This cycle is characterized by a decrease in spending, job losses, reduced demand for goods and services, and a further decline in economic activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the key responses by Herbert Hoover to the Great Depression.

<p>Hoover's responses to the Great Depression included a focus on 'rugged individualism' and a belief that the economy would eventually recover on its own. He implemented some public works projects and limited relief measures, but these were deemed insufficient to address the severity of the economic crisis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the key aspects of Franklin D. Roosevelt's 'New Deal' response to the Great Depression?

<p>Roosevelt's 'New Deal' involved a significant expansion of the government's role in the economy through the implementation of various programs designed to create jobs, stimulate economic activity, and provide relief to those suffering from poverty. These programs included public works projects, agricultural subsidies, financial reforms, and social welfare measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'pump priming', and how did Roosevelt's New Deal use this approach to deal with the Great Depression?

<p>'Pump priming' is an economic policy where the government increases spending to stimulate economic activity and boost demand. Roosevelt's New Deal used this approach by investing in public works projects, creating jobs, and providing financial assistance to businesses and individuals, aiming to stimulate the economy and bring an end to the depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the key 'alphabet agencies' established under the New Deal and their primary purposes.

<p>The New Deal established numerous 'alphabet agencies,' including the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) for developing the Tennessee Valley, the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) for regulating agricultural production, the Civil Works Administration (CWA) for providing relief and employment, the National Recovery Administration (NRA) for promoting economic recovery, and the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) for providing conservation jobs for young men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the key arguments used by FDR's political opponents against the New Deal.

<p>Critics of the New Deal argued that it was wasteful, inefficient, and that it expanded the role of government too much. They believed that the New Deal was a form of socialism, and that the government's intervention in the economy was detrimental to individual liberty and economic freedom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of the Supreme Court in relation to the New Deal.

<p>The Conservative members of the Supreme Court challenged the constitutionality of the New Deal programs. They ruled against some aspects of the legislation, putting pressure on Roosevelt to modify his approach. However, FDR managed to overcome their opposition by eventually increasing the number of liberal judges on the Court.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the 'Lend-Lease Act' and its significance in the context of the New Deal.

<p>The 'Lend-Lease Act' was a significant turning point for the New Deal and the USA. It allowed the US to provide military aid to countries facing threats from Nazi Germany and the Axis powers without directly entering the war. This bolstered the American economy and helped to create jobs, indirectly contributing to the end of the Great Depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the divergent perspectives regarding the effectiveness of the New Deal.

<p>Historians and economists offer diverse opinions on the New Deal's effectiveness. Some argue that it was essential in rescuing the US from the Great Depression, while others believe that WW2 was the primary factor that drove economic recovery. The debate focuses on the impact of government interventions, the role of private enterprise, and the long-term consequences of the New Deal's policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did popular culture provide an escape for Americans from the Great Depression?

<p>Popular culture in the 1930s played a significant role in providing escapism for Americans. The rise of cinema, jazz music, radio, and comic books offered entertainment and a brief break from the hardships of daily life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the key changes faced by African Americans during World War II?

<p>African Americans experienced increased opportunities for employment in the defense industry and the armed forces during World War II as the USA needed to mobilize its workforce. However, they still confronted significant racial prejudice and segregation, particularly in the armed forces, leading to a push for equal rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the key role of women in the American workforce during World War II.

<p>The war effort required the involvement of women in the workforce to fill jobs that were left vacant by men who joined the military. Women proved to be vital to the war effort, working in factories and shipyards, providing essential services to the armed forces, and playing a critical role in the American war effort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the key factors that fueled the American economic boom after World War II?

<p>The post-war economic boom was driven by a combination of factors, including a surging birthrate, expanded industrial production, widespread adoption of consumer goods, consumer credit, government spending on defense, and the expansion of the suburbs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the American government encourage returning veterans after World War II?

<p>The GI Bill, passed in 1944, played a significant role in helping veterans readjust to civilian life. It provided financial assistance for education, housing, and healthcare, helping them secure jobs and start their new lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Truman Doctrine'?

<p>The 'Truman Doctrine' was a policy that emerged during the Cold War era, where the USA aimed to contain the spread of communism by providing aid and military support to countries facing communist threats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the key aspects of the 'American Dream' that emerged after World War II.

<p>The 'American Dream' in the post-war era was characterized by a belief in social mobility, a strong work ethic, a high level of consumerism, a focus on family values, and a desire to achieve economic success and homeownership.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'McCarthyism,' and how did it affect the political and social landscape in the USA?

<p>'McCarthyism' was a period of political persecution and widespread fear of communist influence in the USA, spearheaded by Senator Joseph McCarthy. He used baseless accusations and political smear campaigns to target individuals and even government agencies, furthering a climate of suspicion and paranoia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the ‘Cold War’ contribute to the development of ‘popular culture’ in the 1950s and 1960s?

<p>The Cold War contributed to the development of popular culture as Americans sought ways to escape the anxieties and uncertainties of the times. Entertainment, including cinema, music, and television, provided a form of escapism and relief from the tensions of the Cold War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were Jim Crow segregation laws problematic?

<p>Jim Crow laws enforced a framework of systematic racial segregation in the South. They were a system of unequal treatment and discrimination based on race, denying Black Americans equal access to education, healthcare, employment, and public facilities, fundamentally diminishing their rights and opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the main goals and strategies of the Civil Rights Movement.

<p>The Civil Rights Movement aimed to secure equal rights and opportunities for Black Americans. The movement utilized nonviolent protests, legal challenges, and a deep commitment to social and political change. It brought about a significant transformation in American society, challenging its racist structures and promoting a vision of racial equality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the primary differences between the strategies of Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X.

<p>Martin Luther King Jr. advocated for nonviolent resistance and peaceful protests to achieve racial equality. Malcolm X advocated for more forceful and direct action, believing that Black Americans should be prepared to fight for their rights. Their different approaches reflected contrasting understandings of the nature of racism and the most effective means to dismantle it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the key aims of President Lyndon B. Johnson's ‘Great Society’?

<p>Johnson's ‘Great Society’ aimed to address a range of social and economic challenges facing the USA by investing in programs aimed at reducing poverty, improving the quality of education, expanding access to healthcare, and addressing racial injustice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the key successes and failures of the ‘Great Society’?

<p>While the ‘Great Society’ achieved some successes, including reductions in poverty rates and expanded access to healthcare and education, it faced challenges in achieving its full goals. The Vietnam War and budget constraints limited its progress, and it also encountered resistance from conservative sectors who saw it as excessive government intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the key milestones in the feminist movement in the 1960s and 1970s?

<p>Key milestones in the feminist movement included the passage of the Equal Pay Act, the Civil Rights Act (which included provisions for women), the legalization of abortion through the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision, and the Equal Rights Amendment (though not fully ratified). These legislation and court rulings brought about significant advancements for women's rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the key arguments presented by those who opposed the feminist movement.

<p>Those who opposed the feminist movement often argued that it threatened traditional gender roles and family values. They believed that women's rights were already protected and that further advancements would be detrimental to society. They also raised concerns about potential negative impacts on family structures and traditional gender roles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

The Roaring Twenties

A period of economic prosperity and rapid growth in the USA between 1920 and 1929, marked by new technologies, innovations in manufacturing, and a surge in consumer spending.

Mass Production

The process of producing goods in large quantities using standardized parts and assembly lines, making products more affordable and accessible to a wider market.

Cycle of Prosperity

An economic cycle where increased production and consumption lead to higher wages and demand, in turn stimulating further production and consumption.

Hire Purchase

A system of credit where consumers can purchase goods and pay for them in installments over a period of time.

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Advertising

The practice of using advertising techniques to promote products and influence consumer behavior, often highlighting the benefits and desirability of new goods.

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Import Tariffs

A policy of limiting or banning the importation of goods from other countries, often implemented to protect domestic industries and jobs.

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Laissez Faire

An economic policy that advocates for minimal government intervention in the market, allowing businesses to operate with limited regulation.

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Inequalities of Wealth

The vast difference in wealth and income between the richest and poorest members of society, particularly evident during the Roaring Twenties.

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Hollywood Cinema

A form of entertainment that gained immense popularity in the 1920s, featuring glamorous actors and actresses, elaborate storytelling, and escapist themes.

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Jazz Music

A genre of music characterized by improvisation, syncopation, and a blend of African American and European musical traditions, popularized in the 1920s.

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Flappers

Young women in the 1920s who defied traditional gender roles by wearing shorter dresses, bobbed hair, and makeup, embodying a spirit of rebellion and independence.

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Prohibition

The attempt to outlaw the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages in the USA, which ultimately proved ineffective and had unintended consequences.

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Gangsters

Organized criminal groups involved in the illegal production and distribution of alcohol during Prohibition, characterized by violence and corruption.

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Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

A white supremacist organization active in the USA, particularly in the South, known for its racist ideology and violent intimidation tactics toward African Americans.

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Sharecropping

A system of agricultural labor where tenant farmers work the land owned by a landowner in exchange for a share of the crop, often resulting in exploitation and poverty.

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The Red Scare

A period of intense fear of communism in the USA during the 1920s, fueled by concerns about the spread of communist ideology and the rise of communism in Russia.

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Stock Market Speculation

The process of buying and selling shares in companies on the stock market, often involving speculation and gambling on the rise and fall of prices.

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Buying on the Margin

The practice of borrowing money to purchase shares, often with a small down payment, which amplifies potential gains but also increases risk.

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The Wall Street Crash

The sudden and severe decline in stock prices on the New York Stock Exchange on October 29, 1929, marking the beginning of the Great Depression.

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The Great Depression

The severe global economic depression that followed the Wall Street Crash of 1929, characterized by widespread unemployment, poverty, and business failures.

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The New Deal

The government policies instituted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to address the Great Depression, aimed at providing relief, recovery

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Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

A government agency created to address the economic crisis in the Tennessee Valley during the Great Depression, building dams, providing jobs, and improving living standards.

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Civil Works Administration (CWA)

A government agency established to provide emergency relief and jobs to unemployed Americans during the Great Depression, through projects such as road construction and public works.

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Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

A government agency created during the Great Depression to provide work relief and conservation projects in the country'

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Welfare

A policy of providing financial assistance to struggling individuals and families during times of economic hardship, often in the form of unemployment benefits or food stamps.

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Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

A government program that made loans available at low interest rates to farmers, helping to stabilize agricultural prices and prevent foreclosures.

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The Roosevelt Recession

A period of economic downturn that occurred in the USA during the later years of the New Deal, marked by a rise in unemployment and a decrease in economic growth.

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The Truman Doctrine

A policy of providing military and financial aid to countries threatened by communism, adopted by the USA after World War II to contain the spread of communism.

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Lend-Lease Act

A policy of providing military equipment and supplies to Allied countries during World War II, allowing the USA to support the war effort without directly entering the conflict.

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Post-War Consumerism

A period of heightened economic prosperity and growth in the USA after World War II, marked by increased consumer spending, suburbanization, and the rise of mass production.

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The American Dream

A term that describes the idealized lifestyle of comfort, prosperity, and opportunity that many Americans hoped to achieve in the post-World War II era.

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McCarthyism

The period of intense fear and suspicion of communist influence in the USA during the 1950s, led by Senator Joseph McCarthy, who conducted investigations and made accusations, often without evidence.

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Teenage Culture

A cultural phenomenon that emerged after World War II, characterized by the growing influence of teenagers and their unique cultural preferences, including music, fashion, and entertainment.

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Rock and Roll

A style of music characterized by a strong beat, electric instrumentation, and a rebellious spirit, popularized by artists like Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry in the 1950s.

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Jim Crow Laws

A system of laws and practices that enforced racial segregation in the Southern states of the USA, particularly after the Civil War, denying African Americans equal rights and opportunities.

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Civil Rights Movement

A movement that arose in the USA in the mid-20th century, advocating

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Non-Violent Protests

The use of nonviolent methods such as sit-ins, boycotts, and marches to protest against racial segregation and discrimination, a key strategy employed by the Civil Rights Movement.

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Martin Luther King Jr.

A key figure in the Civil Rights Movement, known for his leadership in nonviolent protests and his dream of racial equality in the USA.

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Malcolm X

A prominent advocate for black rights who promoted a more direct approach to achieving equality, including the use of self-defense and resistance to oppression.

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Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968

A series of legislative acts passed in the USA in the 1960s, aimed at prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, advancing the cause of civil rights.

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The Great Society

A set of social programs and policies implemented by President Lyndon B. Johnson in the mid-1960s, aimed at reducing poverty, improving education, and promoting racial equality.

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Feminist Movement

A movement that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, advocating for equal rights and opportunities for women, challenging traditional gender roles and fighting for women's rights.

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