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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of a measurement?
What is the definition of a measurement?
Which of the following is NOT a fundamental quantity?
Which of the following is NOT a fundamental quantity?
What is the symbol for the fundamental quantity of mass?
What is the symbol for the fundamental quantity of mass?
Which term describes a continuous change in position of an object relative to a reference point?
Which term describes a continuous change in position of an object relative to a reference point?
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How is density expressed in terms of fundamental quantities?
How is density expressed in terms of fundamental quantities?
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In the dimensional formula [x] = [l]a [m]b [t]c [I]d [T]e [n]f [Iv]g, what does 'L' represent?
In the dimensional formula [x] = [l]a [m]b [t]c [I]d [T]e [n]f [Iv]g, what does 'L' represent?
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What type of motion occurs when an object moves in a straight line?
What type of motion occurs when an object moves in a straight line?
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What is implied by the statement that measurements are always uncertain?
What is implied by the statement that measurements are always uncertain?
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What is the formula for calculating error in measurements?
What is the formula for calculating error in measurements?
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Which of the following is true about distance?
Which of the following is true about distance?
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What is the formula for average speed?
What is the formula for average speed?
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Which factor does NOT influence the accuracy of measurements?
Which factor does NOT influence the accuracy of measurements?
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Which of the following derived quantities is expressed using the unit 'm2'?
Which of the following derived quantities is expressed using the unit 'm2'?
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What type of error arises from a measuring device being out of calibration?
What type of error arises from a measuring device being out of calibration?
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The dimension of a physical quantity expressed as [ρ] = ML−3 represents which of the following?
The dimension of a physical quantity expressed as [ρ] = ML−3 represents which of the following?
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How is velocity different from speed?
How is velocity different from speed?
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Which statement accurately describes random errors?
Which statement accurately describes random errors?
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Which kind of motion does not consider the causes of motion?
Which kind of motion does not consider the causes of motion?
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What is meant by the term 'precision' in measurements?
What is meant by the term 'precision' in measurements?
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What does displacement measure?
What does displacement measure?
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What is the consequence of random errors when taking multiple measurements?
What is the consequence of random errors when taking multiple measurements?
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In what dimension does motion described as being in a plane occur?
In what dimension does motion described as being in a plane occur?
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Which type of error can be reduced by averaging multiple measurements?
Which type of error can be reduced by averaging multiple measurements?
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Which type of error cannot be reduced by averaging measurements?
Which type of error cannot be reduced by averaging measurements?
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What indicates the magnitude of a vector?
What indicates the magnitude of a vector?
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Under what condition are two vectors considered equal?
Under what condition are two vectors considered equal?
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How does multiplying a vector by a scalar greater than zero affect the vector?
How does multiplying a vector by a scalar greater than zero affect the vector?
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What is a resultant vector?
What is a resultant vector?
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Which method is used for adding two vectors geometrically?
Which method is used for adding two vectors geometrically?
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What happens when you subtract vector B from vector A?
What happens when you subtract vector B from vector A?
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If the sum of two vectors is zero, what can be inferred about those vectors?
If the sum of two vectors is zero, what can be inferred about those vectors?
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According to the parallelogram rule, what are the vectors considered?
According to the parallelogram rule, what are the vectors considered?
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What represents the acceleration vector in two-dimensional motion?
What represents the acceleration vector in two-dimensional motion?
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In projectile motion, what characterizes the y-direction motion?
In projectile motion, what characterizes the y-direction motion?
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What is the primary assumption made regarding air resistance in projectile motion?
What is the primary assumption made regarding air resistance in projectile motion?
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Which equation is used to determine the final position in two-dimensional motion?
Which equation is used to determine the final position in two-dimensional motion?
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What shape does the trajectory of a projectile describe?
What shape does the trajectory of a projectile describe?
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What is true regarding the horizontal motion of a projectile?
What is true regarding the horizontal motion of a projectile?
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When calculating displacement in two-dimensional motion, which vectors are combined?
When calculating displacement in two-dimensional motion, which vectors are combined?
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What does the symbol 'g' represent in the context of projectile motion?
What does the symbol 'g' represent in the context of projectile motion?
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What represents the components of vector A in a rectangular coordinate system?
What represents the components of vector A in a rectangular coordinate system?
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How can vector subtraction be performed?
How can vector subtraction be performed?
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What is a unit vector?
What is a unit vector?
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In the expression for vector R as $\vec{R} = \vec{A} + \vec{B}$, what are the resultant components?
In the expression for vector R as $\vec{R} = \vec{A} + \vec{B}$, what are the resultant components?
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What is the unit vector in the direction of vector $\vec{A}$?
What is the unit vector in the direction of vector $\vec{A}$?
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Which of the following represents unit vectors in the Cartesian coordinate system?
Which of the following represents unit vectors in the Cartesian coordinate system?
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If the vector $\vec{r}$ is given by $x î + y ĵ + z k̂$, what is the unit vector $\hat{r}$ in the same direction?
If the vector $\vec{r}$ is given by $x î + y ĵ + z k̂$, what is the unit vector $\hat{r}$ in the same direction?
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What do the vectors $\hat{i}, \hat{j}, \hat{k}$ denote in three-dimensional space?
What do the vectors $\hat{i}, \hat{j}, \hat{k}$ denote in three-dimensional space?
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Study Notes
General Physics (Phys1011)
- Course taught by Deresse Ahmed
- Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Science
- Contact: [email protected]
- Date: November 4, 2024
Introduction
- Physics is a fundamental Natural Science studying nature's laws and their manifestations.
- Its main approaches are unification and reduction.
- Physics has macroscopic (laboratory, terrestrial, astronomical scales) and microscopic (atomic, molecular, nuclear) domains.
- Physics is exciting due to its beautiful and universal theories.
- There's a constant interplay between physics and technology.
- There are four fundamental forces in nature: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear forces.
Nature of Physical Laws
- Physical laws deal with conserved quantities, i.e., those that remain constant during a process.
- Important conservation laws include mass, energy, linear momentum, angular momentum, charge, and parity in specific cases
- Conservation laws are strongly related to symmetries in nature.
Chapter 1: Preliminaries
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Physical quantities consist of numerical value and associated units.
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Measurement involves comparing a physical quantity to a standard.
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Fundamental quantities (length, mass, time, electric current, temperature, amount of substance, luminous intensity) are basic units of measurement.
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Derived quantities are quantities that can be expressed in terms of fundamental quantities, such as area, volume, and density.
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Measurement uncertainty is inherent due to limitations in measuring devices and procedures.
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Random errors fluctuate unpredictably, while systematic errors consistently deviate from the true value.
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Errors can be classified as absolute (difference between measured and accepted values) or relative (absolute error divided by the accepted value).
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The significance of digits in measurements depends on the precision of the measuring instrument.
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Vectors have both magnitude and direction.
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The scalar product (dot product) of two vectors is a scalar value.
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The vector product (cross product) of two vectors is a vector.
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Vectors and their representations (geometric and algebraic).
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Equality of vectors.
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Addition and subtraction of vectors geometrically (tail-to-head, parallelogram) and algebraically (component-wise).
Kinematics and Dynamics of Particle
- Mechanics studies motion and its causes
- Kinematics describes motion without considering causes.
- Dynamics considers the causes of motion (forces).
- Statics deals with equilibrium.
- Motion is continuous change in position relative to a reference point.
Kinematics in One Dimension
- Kinematics in one dimension deals with motion along a straight line.
- Key quantities include position, distance, displacement, speed, and velocity.
- Instantaneous velocity is the velocity at a specific instant.
- Average and instantaneous acceleration.
Kinematics in Two Dimensions
- Projectile motion: motion in two dimensions under constant acceleration (gravity).
- Assumptions of projectile motion: no air resistance, constant gravity.
- Horizontal and vertical components of motion are independent.
- Trajectory is parabolic.
- Circular motion: uniform circular motion has constant speed, but changing velocity due to changing direction.
- Key quantities include angular velocity, angular acceleration.
- Tangential and radial acceleration components.
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental concepts in General Physics, including the laws of nature and their manifestations. It explores the macroscopic and microscopic domains of physics, emphasizing key conservation laws and the interplay between physics and technology.
