Questions and Answers
What is the correct binomial name for the species classified under the genus Staphylococcus?
Which phylum does Escherichia belong to?
Which classification correctly identifies the order of Staphylococcus?
How many kingdoms are classified under the domain Bacteria?
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Which of the following species belongs to the genus Bacillus?
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What is the correct family classification for Escherichia?
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Which class does the order Bacillales belong to?
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What is the genus name for the species classified under the family Staphylococcaceae?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the class Cocci?
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What is the classification of Bacillus subtilis?
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Study Notes
Bacterial Taxonomy: Brief History
- Microorganism names derive from four sources: descriptive characteristics, scientists' names, geographic locations, and organizations.
- Examples of descriptive names include Staphylococcus aureus (golden clusters) and Helicobacter pylori (spiral-shaped rod).
- Names honoring scientists include Escherichia coli (Theodor Escherich) and Listeria (Joseph Lister).
- Geographic names include Legionella longbeachiae (Long Beach, California) and Mycobacterium genavense (Geneva, Switzerland).
- Organization-based names include Legionella (American Legion) and Cedecea spp. (Centers for Disease Control).
Taxonomic Hierarchy
- Taxonomic hierarchy includes seven levels: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
- Domain and Kingdom categorize bacteria, with the Kingdom being a collection of related Phyla.
- Phylum groups Classes, while Classes are further arranged into Orders.
- Orders consist of Families, and Families contain Genera, which group related species.
- Species represent strains with similar characteristics, often classified into biovars, morphovars, and biochemical variants.
Methods of Identification
- Identification techniques utilize various data, including biochemical tests (like API and Enterotube), physiological data, serologic systems, fatty acid analysis, antibiotic sensitivity, and more.
- Molecular techniques such as DNA-DNA hybridization help compare genetic materials to establish evolutionary relationships.
Binomial Nomenclature
- Developed by Carolus Linnaeus, this naming system involves a two-part name: genus (capitalized) and species (lowercase).
- Scientific names must be italicized or underlined in handwritten notes to distinguish them from regular text.
- Rules stipulate that species names are never abbreviated and all taxonomical levels are printed in italics.
Taxonomical Hierarchies in Medical Importance
- Bacteria significant in pharmaceuticals include taxa such as Staphylococcus aureus (Cocci, Bacillales) and Escherichia coli (GammaProteobacteria, Enterobacteriales).
- Additional recognized species include Bacillus subtilis under the family Bacillaceae.
- Each entry highlights the organism's Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, and Binomial name, illustrating their systematic classification.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of bacterial taxonomy in this quiz on General Pharmaceutical Microbiology. Learn about the different sources of microorganism names and their specific characteristics, from descriptive names to those honoring scientists. Test your knowledge on the classification and history of bacteria.
