General Parts of a Cell Quiz

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What does the fluid-mosaic model describe the plasma membrane to be?

Fluid and dynamic in structure (correct)

Rigid and static in structure

Impermeable to all molecules

Composed of a single layer of phospholipids

What is the purpose of the phospholipid's polar phosphate-containing heads in the cell membrane?

To face the extracellular fluid and cytoplasm, as they are hydrophilic (correct)

To provide structural support to the membrane

To create a hydrophobic barrier in the center of the membrane

To anchor membrane proteins in the membrane

What is the purpose of the phospholipid's nonpolar fatty acid tails in the cell membrane?

To anchor membrane proteins in the membrane

To create a hydrophilic barrier in the center of the membrane

To provide structural support to the membrane

To face the extracellular fluid and cytoplasm, as they are hydrophobic (correct)

What is the purpose of the double layer of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

To form a lipid barrier that separates the extracellular fluid from the cytoplasm (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

To regulate the movement of molecules in and out of the cell (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

To enclose the cytoplasm and protect the cell from the environment (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key function of the nucleus?

Producing energy for the cell through cellular respiration (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the cytoplasm in a cell?

To serve as the living material surrounding the nucleus (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key component of the cell membrane?

Mitochondria (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of organelles in a cell?

To perform specific functions in the cell (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key function of the cell membrane?

Producing energy for the cell through cellular respiration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cilia?

To move substances in a wavelike fashion (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of active membrane transport?

Endocytosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between cilia and flagella?

Cilia are shorter and more numerous, while flagella are longer and occur singly (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of microvilli?

To increase the surface area of the cell for absorption (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of simple diffusion?

The spread of salt throughout a beaker of still water (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of membrane transport allows small, uncharged molecules to pass through the phospholipid bilayer?

Facilitated diffusion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cytoplasm?

To serve as a medium for cellular activities and embed organelles (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for producing proteins for the cell's own use?

Ribosomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Lipid synthesis and detoxification of chemicals (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for collecting, modifying, packaging, and distributing proteins and lipids manufactured by the endoplasmic reticulum?

Golgi apparatus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysosomes?

Containing intracellular digestive enzymes that destroy phagocytized bacteria (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is primarily responsible for breaking down fatty acids, amino acids, and detoxifying hydrogen peroxide $H_2O_2$?

Peroxisomes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between primary active transport and secondary active transport?

Primary active transport uses energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient, while secondary active transport uses the energy from the concentration gradient of one substance to move another substance against its concentration gradient. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of endocytosis and exocytosis in a cell?

Endocytosis is the process of bringing substances into the cell, while exocytosis is the process of expelling substances from the cell. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of transcription and translation in gene expression?

Transcription is the process of making a copy of the DNA sequence to produce mRNA, while translation is the process of using that mRNA to synthesize proteins. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the main stages of the cell cycle?

Interphase (G1, S, G2), Mitosis (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase), Cytokinesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mitosis in the cell cycle?

Mitosis is the process of cell division where a parent cell divides to form two daughter cells with the same genetic material. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the sodium-potassium pump in primary active transport?

The sodium-potassium pump actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, establishing a concentration gradient that can be used to drive the transport of other substances. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between leak channels and gated channels in cell membranes?

Leak channels constantly allow ions to pass through, while gated channels open and close to limit the movement of ions across the membrane. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the cell cycle stages G1, S, and G2 in interphase?

G1 is the phase where the cell carries out normal metabolic activity, S is the phase where DNA is replicated, and G2 is the phase where the cell prepares to divide. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the cell cycle stage of cytokinesis?

Cytokinesis is the division of the cell's cytoplasm, resulting in the formation of two daughter cells. (B) Signup and view all the answers