General Information on Anemia
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Questions and Answers

Which route of administration is used with the Z-track method?

  • Intramuscular (correct)
  • Subcutaneous
  • Intravenous
  • Oral

    • Which part of the body is primarily responsible for the formation of new blood cells?

  • Liver
  • Heart
  • Kidney
  • Bone marrow (correct)

    • What hormone drives the formation and maturation of red blood cells?

  • Erythropoietin (correct)
  • Testosterone
  • Free thyroxine
  • Progesterone

    • Which symptom is a known side effect of oral iron therapy?

    <p>Tarry stools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of anemia is caused by a genetic defect?

    <p>Sickle cell anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of iron supplements?

    <p>Tarry stools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the kidneys play in relation to red blood cell production?

    <p>They produce erythropoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of bone marrow in the body?

    <p>Production of blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked before prescribing darbepoetin?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should hemoglobin levels be checked before administering darbepoetin?

    <p>To ensure the drug is necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is a clinical complication of prolonged epoetin alfa use with hemoglobin levels above 12 g/dL?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which liquid should not be taken with iron supplements due to decreased absorption?

    <p>Milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test can help assess calcium deficiency and bone marrow suppression?

    <p>Radiograph of bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of iron preparations?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of anemia can be treated with iron sucrose?

    <p>Iron-deficiency anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a prerequisite for administering darbepoetin?

    <p>Checking creatinine levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be administered alongside epoetin alfa or darbepoetin for effectiveness?

    <p>Iron supplements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of anemia is characterized by cytoplasmic maturation defects?

    <p>Iron-deficiency anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of ferumoxytol compared to other anemia drugs?

    <p>It can be administered undiluted as an intravenous push.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate action for a nurse to take when a patient shows signs of hypotension due to medication infusion?

    <p>Slow the infusion rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of anemia shows erythrocytes appearing as spherocytes on a blood smear?

    <p>Sickle cell anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in patients with cancer?

    <p>Hemoglobin level of 15 g/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anemia is primarily caused by nuclear maturation defects?

    <p>Megaloblastic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required administration method for iron sucrose to prevent adverse effects?

    <p>Diluted and infused slowly over hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment is necessary before prescribing darbepoetin for a patient?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anemia is not classified as having red blood cell spherocytes?

    <p>Pernicious anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant change seen in the patient's vital signs at 1000 compared to 0900?

    <p>Blood pressure decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should acetaminophen not be administered to the patient based on their vital signs?

    <p>Patient does not have a fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true regarding epoetin alfa in relation to iron supplementation?

    <p>It requires iron for efficacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for hemoglobin levels when considering the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents?

    <p>Above 12 g/dL for renal failure patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible risk when using erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in patients with head or neck cancer?

    <p>Increased tumor growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vital sign indicates a notable change that may require intervention at 1000?

    <p>Blood pressure dropped significantly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely reason for fatigue and lightheadedness in a patient with chronic renal failure on a balanced diet?

    <p>The patient lacks erythropoietin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is important to enhance the effectiveness of epoetin alfa?

    <p>Administer ferrous fumarate along with epoetin alfa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is folic acid not effective when administered with epoetin alfa?

    <p>It does not alleviate anemia effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a slight shortness of breath in a patient likely indicate?

    <p>Inadequate oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the best time to administer ferrous fumarate in relation to epoetin alfa?

    <p>Simultaneously with epoetin alfa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect that a patient may experience during folic acid therapy?

    <p>Yellow urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic disorder is characterized by excessive destruction of red blood cells?

    <p>Sickle cell anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is known to contain the highest amount of iron per gram of salt?

    <p>Ferrous fumarate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use for Deferiprone?

    <p>To treat iron overdose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition leads to excessive red blood cell destruction due to intrinsic factors?

    <p>Sickle cell anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is an antibiotic that interacts with iron and reduces its absorption?

    <p>Tetracycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element does Epoetin alfa help facilitate in the body?

    <p>Synthesis of red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context is Methotrexate primarily used?

    <p>Cancer therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    General Anemia Information

    • Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells (RBCs) or a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin within the RBCs.
    • Several factors can cause anemia, including nutritional deficiencies, blood loss, and genetic disorders.

    Causes of Anemia

    • Iron-deficiency anemia is caused by inadequate dietary intake, blood loss, or impaired iron absorption.
    • Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (pernicious anemia) is caused by a lack of intrinsic factor, which is needed for vitamin B12 absorption.
    • Folate deficiency anemia is caused by inadequate dietary intake or impaired folate absorption.
    • Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder causing abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in misshapen red blood cells.
    • Aplastic anemia is a disorder where the bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells.

    Administration of Iron

    • Oral iron supplements are typically prescribed for iron-deficiency anemia, and these should be taken with a source of vitamin C to improve absorption.
    • Intravenous iron therapy is used for patients with severe iron deficiency or those who cannot tolerate oral iron.
    • The Z-track method is used for intramuscular injections to prevent skin discoloration.
    • A test dose is often given intravenously before administering iron dextran to assess for allergic reactions.

    Bone Marrow Function

    • Bone marrow is the principal site for the production of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.
    • The bone marrow produces immature blood cells that mature further in the body.

    Erythropoiesis

    • Erythropoiesis is the process of red blood cell formation and maturation in the bone marrow.
    • Erythropoietin, a hormone produced by the kidneys, is crucial for the regulation of erythropoiesis.
    • Other hormones, like testosterone and progesterone, play support roles.

    Symptoms and Complications

    • Anemia can cause fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and pallor.
    • Severe anemia can lead to serious complications, including organ damage.

    Diagnostic Tests

    • A complete blood count (CBC) is a common diagnostic test for anemia.
    • Other tests, like serum iron levels and ferritin levels, may be used to determine the cause of the anemia.
    • A blood smear is used to determine the size, shape, and color of the RBCs.

    Treatment Considerations

    • The treatment for anemia depends on the underlying cause.
    • Nutritional deficiencies may be addressed by dietary changes and supplementation.
    • Blood loss may require surgery or other interventions.
    • Certain genetic disorders may not have a cure.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential information about anemia, including its causes, types, and treatments. Learn about different types of anemia such as iron-deficiency, vitamin B12, and sickle cell anemia, as well as the importance of iron supplementation. Discover the factors contributing to this common medical condition.

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