Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a primary function of E/M in bone biology?
What is a primary function of E/M in bone biology?
- Bone resorption and remodeling (correct)
- Maintaining bone density
- Regulating calcium levels
- Bone growth and development
Which zone of E/M is primarily associated with organelles and multiple nuclei?
Which zone of E/M is primarily associated with organelles and multiple nuclei?
- Clear zone
- Vesicular zone
- Basal zone (correct)
- Ruffled border zone
What distinguishes spongy (cancellous) bone from other types of bone?
What distinguishes spongy (cancellous) bone from other types of bone?
- It has a dense composition with minimal spaces.
- It is primarily found in the diaphysis of long bones.
- It has a higher mineral content than compact bone.
- It consists of irregular bone trabeculae enclosing marrow spaces. (correct)
Which of the following structures is NOT found in the vesicular zone of E/M?
Which of the following structures is NOT found in the vesicular zone of E/M?
Which component is specifically described as being part of the clear zone in E/M?
Which component is specifically described as being part of the clear zone in E/M?
What is the primary characteristic of compact bone?
What is the primary characteristic of compact bone?
Which statement about the distribution of compact and cancellous bone is true?
Which statement about the distribution of compact and cancellous bone is true?
What is true regarding the microscopic structure of compact bone?
What is true regarding the microscopic structure of compact bone?
Which feature differentiates compact bone from spongy (cancellous) bone?
Which feature differentiates compact bone from spongy (cancellous) bone?
Which type of bone can be described as having a solid density and no cavities?
Which type of bone can be described as having a solid density and no cavities?
Flashcards
Compact Bone
Compact Bone
A dense, solid type of bone tissue without cavities.
Spongy Bone Structure
Spongy Bone Structure
Spongy bone, also called cancellous bone, has a lattice-like structure with trabeculae (small beams) enclosing spaces filled with bone marrow.
Bone Structure
Bone Structure
Compact bone and other types of bone tissue are found in all bones, though in different amounts.
Bone Resorption
Bone Resorption
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Decalcified Compact Bone
Decalcified Compact Bone
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Bone Remodeling
Bone Remodeling
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Bone Trabeculae
Bone Trabeculae
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Microscopic Structure
Microscopic Structure
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Bone Distribution
Bone Distribution
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Bone Marrow
Bone Marrow
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course Title: General Histology
- Lecture Title: Bone (supporting CT)
- Lecturer Name: Omayma Kamel Afifi
Learning Objectives (ILOs)
- Identify the structural characteristics of bone and how to prepare it for microscopic examination.
- Distinguish between different types of bone cells.
- Differentiate between cartilage and bone.
- Differentiate between the microscopic structures of different bone types.
Bone (Supporting Connective Tissue)
- A specialized connective tissue with a calcified extracellular matrix.
- Functions:
- Protects and supports vital organs (e.g., brain, spinal cord)
- Stores calcium and phosphate.
- Contains bone marrow, which is a hematopoietic organ.
- Serves as a lever for skeletal muscles.
Bone Preparation for Microscopic Examination
- Decalcification:
- Treatment with dilute acid (e.g., 5% nitric acid).
- Preserves cells and organic components.
- Ground Sections:
- Thinning sections till transparent.
- Examination without stains.
- Lacunae and canaliculi appear dark due to entrapped air.
Bone Tissue Structure
- Bone cells:
- Osteogenic cells (stem cells)
- Osteoblasts (bone formation)
- Osteocytes (mature bone cells)
- Osteoclasts (bone resorption)
- Extracellular matrix:
- Collagen fibers (type I)
- Ground substance (GAGs, proteoglycans, glycoproteins)
- Calcified matrix: collagen fibers and mineral salts
Microscopic Bone Types
- Spongy (cancellous) bone:
- Irregular bone trabeculae
- Contains bone marrow
- Compact bone:
- Dense, solid mass
- Without cavities
Microscopic Structure of Decalcified Compact Bone
- Four lamellar systems:
- Outer circumferential lamellae (beneath periosteum)
- Inner circumferential lamellae (between endosteum and marrow cavity)
- Haversian systems (osteons) – parallel to bone axis
- Interstitial lamellae (between Haversian systems)
Haversian System (Osteon)
- Concentric lamellae arranged around a central canal.
- Contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue.
Microscopic Structure of Spongy Bone
- Irregular bone trabeculae that branch and unite.
- Contains marrow spaces between the trabeculae.
- No Haversian systems.
Bone Cell Types
- Differentiate between osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts.
Summary of Cartilage and Bone Differences
- Cartilage is soft, flexible, and nonvascular. Bone is hard, inelastic, and vascular.
- Cartilage has a homogeneous matrix; bone has a lamellar matrix.
- Cartilage matrix lacks calcium but bone has calcium in its matrix.
Types of Bone Formation/Healing
- Primary (woven) bone forms during development and fracture repair, and is eventually replaced with secondary (lamellar) bone.
Bone Disorders
- Osteopetrosis (excessive bone): defective osteoclast function.
- Osteoporosis (low bone density): reduced bone density, increased risk of fractures.
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