Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a primary function of E/M in bone biology?
What is a primary function of E/M in bone biology?
Which zone of E/M is primarily associated with organelles and multiple nuclei?
Which zone of E/M is primarily associated with organelles and multiple nuclei?
What distinguishes spongy (cancellous) bone from other types of bone?
What distinguishes spongy (cancellous) bone from other types of bone?
Which of the following structures is NOT found in the vesicular zone of E/M?
Which of the following structures is NOT found in the vesicular zone of E/M?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component is specifically described as being part of the clear zone in E/M?
Which component is specifically described as being part of the clear zone in E/M?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary characteristic of compact bone?
What is the primary characteristic of compact bone?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about the distribution of compact and cancellous bone is true?
Which statement about the distribution of compact and cancellous bone is true?
Signup and view all the answers
What is true regarding the microscopic structure of compact bone?
What is true regarding the microscopic structure of compact bone?
Signup and view all the answers
Which feature differentiates compact bone from spongy (cancellous) bone?
Which feature differentiates compact bone from spongy (cancellous) bone?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of bone can be described as having a solid density and no cavities?
Which type of bone can be described as having a solid density and no cavities?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Course Information
- Course Title: General Histology
- Lecture Title: Bone (supporting CT)
- Lecturer Name: Omayma Kamel Afifi
Learning Objectives (ILOs)
- Identify the structural characteristics of bone and how to prepare it for microscopic examination.
- Distinguish between different types of bone cells.
- Differentiate between cartilage and bone.
- Differentiate between the microscopic structures of different bone types.
Bone (Supporting Connective Tissue)
- A specialized connective tissue with a calcified extracellular matrix.
- Functions:
- Protects and supports vital organs (e.g., brain, spinal cord)
- Stores calcium and phosphate.
- Contains bone marrow, which is a hematopoietic organ.
- Serves as a lever for skeletal muscles.
Bone Preparation for Microscopic Examination
- Decalcification:
- Treatment with dilute acid (e.g., 5% nitric acid).
- Preserves cells and organic components.
- Ground Sections:
- Thinning sections till transparent.
- Examination without stains.
- Lacunae and canaliculi appear dark due to entrapped air.
Bone Tissue Structure
- Bone cells:
- Osteogenic cells (stem cells)
- Osteoblasts (bone formation)
- Osteocytes (mature bone cells)
- Osteoclasts (bone resorption)
- Extracellular matrix:
- Collagen fibers (type I)
- Ground substance (GAGs, proteoglycans, glycoproteins)
- Calcified matrix: collagen fibers and mineral salts
Microscopic Bone Types
- Spongy (cancellous) bone:
- Irregular bone trabeculae
- Contains bone marrow
- Compact bone:
- Dense, solid mass
- Without cavities
Microscopic Structure of Decalcified Compact Bone
- Four lamellar systems:
- Outer circumferential lamellae (beneath periosteum)
- Inner circumferential lamellae (between endosteum and marrow cavity)
- Haversian systems (osteons) – parallel to bone axis
- Interstitial lamellae (between Haversian systems)
Haversian System (Osteon)
- Concentric lamellae arranged around a central canal.
- Contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue.
Microscopic Structure of Spongy Bone
- Irregular bone trabeculae that branch and unite.
- Contains marrow spaces between the trabeculae.
- No Haversian systems.
Bone Cell Types
- Differentiate between osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts.
Summary of Cartilage and Bone Differences
- Cartilage is soft, flexible, and nonvascular. Bone is hard, inelastic, and vascular.
- Cartilage has a homogeneous matrix; bone has a lamellar matrix.
- Cartilage matrix lacks calcium but bone has calcium in its matrix.
Types of Bone Formation/Healing
- Primary (woven) bone forms during development and fracture repair, and is eventually replaced with secondary (lamellar) bone.
Bone Disorders
- Osteopetrosis (excessive bone): defective osteoclast function.
- Osteoporosis (low bone density): reduced bone density, increased risk of fractures.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the structural characteristics of bone in this quiz on General Histology. Learn about different types of bone cells, the differences between cartilage and bone, and the preparation techniques for microscopic examination. Enhance your understanding of this specialized connective tissue and its functions.
