General Geology Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate temperature of the hottest layer of the Earth?

  • 9000°C
  • 6000°C
  • 3000°C
  • 5000°C (correct)

What is the approximate radius of the solid inner core of the Earth?

  • 600 miles
  • 1200 miles
  • 1000 miles
  • 760 miles (correct)

What is the main composition of the outer core of the Earth?

  • Silicate material
  • Nickel alloy
  • Iron alloy
  • Nickel-iron alloy (correct)

What is the layer of the Earth's mantle that is relatively soft and has a low resistance to plastic flow?

<p>Asthenosphere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the outermost layers of the Earth's structure, bounded by the atmosphere above and the asthenosphere below?

<p>Lithosphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of the Earth's landscapes constantly changing?

<p>Dynamic planet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of climate is associated with a slow rate of weathering?

<p>Arid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sediment has a larger surface area and therefore weathers at a faster rate?

<p>Angular sediment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is highly resistant to chemical and mechanical weathering?

<p>Quartz (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature of a rock influences the rate of weathering?

<p>Distribution of joints (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the slope of a river from its head to its mouth?

<p>Concave (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the point where a river ends in a sea or lake?

<p>Mouth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Geology?

<p>The study of the Earth's structure, evolution, and dynamics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do geologists contribute to civil engineering projects?

<p>By assessing the stability of land and water patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Physical Geology?

<p>Study of Earth's physical processes caused by natural agents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of geology deals with plate tectonics and Earth's movements?

<p>Geotectonic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Crystallography focus on?

<p>Study of crystals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does geology contribute to civil engineering construction?

<p>By examining rocks for minerals and water sources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a mineral?

<p>A naturally occurring, homogenous solid, inorganically formed, having a definite chemical composition and ordered atomic arrangement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the study of petrology important for civil engineering?

<p>In selecting suitable rocks for building stones, road metals, etc. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does attrition contribute to river erosion?

<p>Eroded particles break into smaller pieces as they collide with each other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Structural Geology?

<p>Analyzing the structures present in rocks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process uses weak carbonic acid to dissolve rock particles in rivers?

<p>Corrosion (solution) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method by which river waves compress air in the cracks of rocks?

<p>Hydraulic action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are sedimentary rocks different from igneous and metamorphic rocks?

<p>They are made up of layers of sediments or fragments of rocks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the fine particles of sand, silt, and clay that can remain suspended in the water?

<p>Suspended load (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which branch of geology would you study the ancient remains of plants and animals?

<p>Paleontology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process involved when eroded particles scrape against the rock, removing small pieces?

<p>Corrasion (abrasion) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the study of crystallography necessary to recognize minerals?

<p>To describe the atomic arrangement and structure of a mineral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical process is NOT involved in the formation of river valleys according to the text?

<p>Movement of air over the Earth's surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers
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