General Geology Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate temperature of the hottest layer of the Earth?

  • 9000°C
  • 6000°C
  • 3000°C
  • 5000°C (correct)
  • What is the approximate radius of the solid inner core of the Earth?

  • 600 miles
  • 1200 miles
  • 1000 miles
  • 760 miles (correct)
  • What is the main composition of the outer core of the Earth?

  • Silicate material
  • Nickel alloy
  • Iron alloy
  • Nickel-iron alloy (correct)
  • What is the layer of the Earth's mantle that is relatively soft and has a low resistance to plastic flow?

    <p>Asthenosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the outermost layers of the Earth's structure, bounded by the atmosphere above and the asthenosphere below?

    <p>Lithosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of the Earth's landscapes constantly changing?

    <p>Dynamic planet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of climate is associated with a slow rate of weathering?

    <p>Arid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sediment has a larger surface area and therefore weathers at a faster rate?

    <p>Angular sediment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is highly resistant to chemical and mechanical weathering?

    <p>Quartz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of a rock influences the rate of weathering?

    <p>Distribution of joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the slope of a river from its head to its mouth?

    <p>Concave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the point where a river ends in a sea or lake?

    <p>Mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of Geology?

    <p>The study of the Earth's structure, evolution, and dynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do geologists contribute to civil engineering projects?

    <p>By assessing the stability of land and water patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Physical Geology?

    <p>Study of Earth's physical processes caused by natural agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of geology deals with plate tectonics and Earth's movements?

    <p>Geotectonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Crystallography focus on?

    <p>Study of crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does geology contribute to civil engineering construction?

    <p>By examining rocks for minerals and water sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a mineral?

    <p>A naturally occurring, homogenous solid, inorganically formed, having a definite chemical composition and ordered atomic arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the study of petrology important for civil engineering?

    <p>In selecting suitable rocks for building stones, road metals, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does attrition contribute to river erosion?

    <p>Eroded particles break into smaller pieces as they collide with each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Structural Geology?

    <p>Analyzing the structures present in rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process uses weak carbonic acid to dissolve rock particles in rivers?

    <p>Corrosion (solution)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main method by which river waves compress air in the cracks of rocks?

    <p>Hydraulic action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are sedimentary rocks different from igneous and metamorphic rocks?

    <p>They are made up of layers of sediments or fragments of rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the fine particles of sand, silt, and clay that can remain suspended in the water?

    <p>Suspended load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which branch of geology would you study the ancient remains of plants and animals?

    <p>Paleontology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process involved when eroded particles scrape against the rock, removing small pieces?

    <p>Corrasion (abrasion)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the study of crystallography necessary to recognize minerals?

    <p>To describe the atomic arrangement and structure of a mineral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical process is NOT involved in the formation of river valleys according to the text?

    <p>Movement of air over the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

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