10 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a part of the general examination?
Examination of the respiratory system
Which of the following diseases tends to occur more often in females?
Hyperthyroidism
What is the normal range for oral temperature?
36.3-37.2°C
What is the range for moderate fever according to the text?
38.1-39°C
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect normal body temperature?
Age
What is the recommended position for measuring blood pressure?
Sitting or lying in the supine position
Where should the distal margin of the cuff be positioned when measuring blood pressure?
At least 3cm below the antecubital fossa
At what rate should the pressure in the cuff be released when measuring blood pressure?
2 to 6 mmHg per second
How should the systolic and diastolic pressures be determined?
Systolic is when sounds first become audible, diastolic is when sounds disappear
What is the recommended practice for recording the blood pressure measurement?
Record the lower reading of the two measurements
Study Notes
General Inspection
- General inspection is the first step in every physical examination, including a general survey of the patient's:
- Sex
- Age
- Mental status
- Vital signs
- Development and habitus
- State of nutrition
- Consciousness
- Facial features and expression
- Position and posture
- Gait
Sex and Age-Related Diseases
- Sex-related diseases:
- Tending to occur in females: hyperthyroidism, systemic lupus erythematosus
- Tending to occur in males: hemophilia
- Age-related diseases:
- Tending to occur in young people: TB, rheumatic fever
- Tending to occur in old people: carcinoma, arteriosclerosis
- Age determination is based on:
- Elasticity of skin
- State of muscle
- Distribution of hair
- Wrinkles of skin and face
- Teeth
Vital Signs
- Temperature:
- Normal range: 36.3-37.2°C (oral), 36.5-37.7°C (rectal), 36-37°C (axillary)
- Variability: afternoon > morning, influenced by ingestion, exercise, emotion, and environment
- Fever types:
- Low fever: 37.3-38°C
- Moderate fever: 38.1-39°C
- High fever: 39.1-41°C
- Hyperpyrexia: above 41°C
- Blood Pressure:
- Measuring method:
- Rest for 5-10 minutes
- Sitting or lying in the supine position
- Measure on right arm with the antecubital fossa at the level of the right atrium cordis
- Abduct the arm for 45°
- Palpate for the exact location of the brachial artery
- Inflate the cuff to a pressure about 30mmHg above the point where the pulse disappears
- Open the valve making the pressure drops gradually (normally 2-6mmHg per second)
- Note the pressure at which sounds first become audible as the systolic pressure
- Note the point where the sounds disappear as the diastolic pressure
- Normal range of systolic pressures:
- (not specified)
- Measuring method:
- Pulse and Respiration:
- (not specified)
Blood Pressure Measurement
- Blood pressure can also be taken in the prone position with the arteria poplitea
- The difference of blood pressure between the left and right is:
- 5-10mmHg in the upper limb
- 20-40mmHg higher in the lower limb
Learn about the importance of general inspection in physical examination, including observing the patient's general state, skin, mucosa, and lymph system. Understand the different components involved in the general examination process.
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