General Embryology: Gametogenesis and Fertilization
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Questions and Answers

What process involves the conversion of germ cells into male and female gametes?

  • Mitotic division
  • Fertilization
  • Cytodifferentiation
  • Gametogenesis (correct)
  • Which structure is formed after the fertilization of the female gamete?

  • Germ cells
  • Sperm
  • Zygote (correct)
  • Yolk sac
  • How many homologous pairs of chromosomes are embedded in the DNA of an individual?

  • 23 pairs (correct)
  • 20 pairs
  • 25 pairs
  • 26 pairs
  • Which cells are genetically identical to the parent cell in the process of mitosis?

    <p>Daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of meiosis in gametogenesis?

    <p>Reduce chromosome number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At fertilization, what is the result in terms of chromosome number?

    <p>Diploid number remains constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Sertoli cells in the process of spermatogenesis?

    <p>Support and nourish developing sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells surround germ cells in the testis at birth?

    <p>Follicular cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition characterized by very few sperm in the ejaculate?

    <p>Oligozoospermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of spermatogonia give rise to primary spermatocytes?

    <p>Type A spermatogonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of sustentacular cells in spermatogenesis?

    <p>Support and protect developing sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of meiosis are secondary spermatocytes formed?

    <p>Meiosis II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which syndrome is characterized by the absence of ovaries and is found only in women?

    <p>Turner syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trisomy is associated with a high incidence of leukemia, infections, thyroid dysfunction, and premature aging?

    <p>Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chromosome abnormality leads to sterility, gynecomastia, and testicular atrophy, and is detected at puberty?

    <p>Klinefelter syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which syndrome is characterized by upward slanting eyes, epicanthal folds, flat faces, cardiac defects, small ears, and hypotonia?

    <p>Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is found only in males and may lead to possible mental retardation if the individual has a XXXY karyotype?

    <p>Klinefelter syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trisomy is associated with the characteristic features of microphthalmia, enophthalmia, and coloboma?

    <p>Trisomy 13</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the stage when the Granulosa cells transform into Cumulus oophorus?

    <p>Secondary Follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type changes into Granulosa cells during follicle maturation?

    <p>Follicular cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of the polar body in the maturation and ovulation process?

    <p>Undergoes Meiotic division II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer forms coats to create Theca folliculi?

    <p>Granulosa cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the completion of Meiotic division II?

    <p>Degeneration or apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein component inactivates BMP-4 gene during organogenesis?

    <p>Chardin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of somatic or parietal mesoderm?

    <p>Develops into Amnion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which embryonic layer connects the Paraxial to the Lateral layer?

    <p>Intermediate layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Vitelline duct represent in embryonic development?

    <p>Connection between embryo and Yolk sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region undergoes enfolding and rapid longitudinal growth of the central nervous system?

    <p>Cephalo–caudal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Homeobox Genes in embryonic development?

    <p>Form endodermal germ layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Allantois become in the embryo's development?

    <p>Communicating stalk of the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

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