Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the lean of the roof?
What is the lean of the roof?
- Roof
- Truss
- All of the above (correct)
What is the purpose of linseed oil?
What is the purpose of linseed oil?
- Delicate
- Common
- Superior quality
- All of the above (correct)
What is the minimum compressive strength of hollow load-bearing blocks?
What is the minimum compressive strength of hollow load-bearing blocks?
- 20 N/mm²
- 10 N/mm² (correct)
- 15 N/mm²
- 4.5 N/mm²
What does OMC stand for?
What does OMC stand for?
Concrete consists of what?
Concrete consists of what?
What is RMC short for?
What is RMC short for?
What is the platform at the end of a series of steps called?
What is the platform at the end of a series of steps called?
What is the base course of lean concrete below spread footing proportion?
What is the base course of lean concrete below spread footing proportion?
After how many days can formwork of props to beams and arches spanning over 6 m be removed?
After how many days can formwork of props to beams and arches spanning over 6 m be removed?
A lift becomes essential in a building when the number of floors exceeds:
A lift becomes essential in a building when the number of floors exceeds:
What is a movable barrier or shutter component known as?
What is a movable barrier or shutter component known as?
What does the unit weight per cubic meter of water typically measure?
What does the unit weight per cubic meter of water typically measure?
If the soil is waterlogged, its bearing capacity may be improved by:
If the soil is waterlogged, its bearing capacity may be improved by:
What is the term for footing that supports more than two columns?
What is the term for footing that supports more than two columns?
Ordinary scaffolding consists of what?
Ordinary scaffolding consists of what?
How are flooring measurements typically taken?
How are flooring measurements typically taken?
Heavy floods can cause what?
Heavy floods can cause what?
Queen post trusses are used when the span is:
Queen post trusses are used when the span is:
What are the units of measurement for expansion joints?
What are the units of measurement for expansion joints?
The removal time of formwork depends on what factors?
The removal time of formwork depends on what factors?
What is mat foundation also known as?
What is mat foundation also known as?
Formwork for slabs spanning up to 4.5 m can be removed after:
Formwork for slabs spanning up to 4.5 m can be removed after:
What are the functions of foundation?
What are the functions of foundation?
What is the minimum depth of foundation?
What is the minimum depth of foundation?
Differential settlement is due to what?
Differential settlement is due to what?
Failure of foundation is observed due to:
Failure of foundation is observed due to:
Grillage foundation is to be provided when:
Grillage foundation is to be provided when:
Combined footing is provided in case of:
Combined footing is provided in case of:
What is the depth of excavation in case of grillage foundation limited to?
What is the depth of excavation in case of grillage foundation limited to?
Raft foundation is provided when:
Raft foundation is provided when:
When is pile foundation preferred?
When is pile foundation preferred?
What is the most commonly used building stone in Maharashtra?
What is the most commonly used building stone in Maharashtra?
Masonry may be broadly classified into which categories?
Masonry may be broadly classified into which categories?
Rubble masonry is classified into which categories?
Rubble masonry is classified into which categories?
The minimum depth of the foundation below the ground in any soil is:
The minimum depth of the foundation below the ground in any soil is:
Cavity wall is wall comprising of:
Cavity wall is wall comprising of:
The rock which is not calcareous is:
The rock which is not calcareous is:
Construction joints are generally provided in concrete for:
Construction joints are generally provided in concrete for:
A low wall built out into the sea more or less perpendicular to the coastline is called:
A low wall built out into the sea more or less perpendicular to the coastline is called:
The operation of removing material from the sea or river bed is known as:
The operation of removing material from the sea or river bed is known as:
The important component of a sea port is:
The important component of a sea port is:
The low water datum for a lake is defined as the surface of the lake when it is at elevation:
The low water datum for a lake is defined as the surface of the lake when it is at elevation:
In a hydrographic map, the following features are shown:
In a hydrographic map, the following features are shown:
Curing concrete for a long period ensures better:
Curing concrete for a long period ensures better:
The process of proper and accurate measurement of concrete ingredients for uniformity of proportion is known as:
The process of proper and accurate measurement of concrete ingredients for uniformity of proportion is known as:
The high strength of rapid hardening cement at an early stage is due to its:
The high strength of rapid hardening cement at an early stage is due to its:
For road pavements, the cement generally used is:
For road pavements, the cement generally used is:
Which one of the following lines is used for tying a ship with a dock:
Which one of the following lines is used for tying a ship with a dock:
The minimum and maximum diameters of sewers shall preferably be:
The minimum and maximum diameters of sewers shall preferably be:
The construction estimate of a project is used by:
The construction estimate of a project is used by:
The wages of supervisors and material handlers are charged as:
The wages of supervisors and material handlers are charged as:
I.S. recommends providing certain minimum steel in an RCC beam:
I.S. recommends providing certain minimum steel in an RCC beam:
Shear stress develops on a fluid element if:
Shear stress develops on a fluid element if:
Consolidation in soils is:
Consolidation in soils is:
The minimum area of tension reinforcement in a beam shall be greater than:
The minimum area of tension reinforcement in a beam shall be greater than:
In a compaction test, as the compaction effort is increased, the optimum moisture content:
In a compaction test, as the compaction effort is increased, the optimum moisture content:
The exposed vertical surface at right angles to the door and window frames are known as:
The exposed vertical surface at right angles to the door and window frames are known as:
Course of stone or PCC which is laid at the top of the wall to protect it from rain is called:
Course of stone or PCC which is laid at the top of the wall to protect it from rain is called:
When the bricks are laid with their length parallel to the face or front direction of the wall, the course is known as?
When the bricks are laid with their length parallel to the face or front direction of the wall, the course is known as?
Water absorption of good burnt clay brick should be less than?
Water absorption of good burnt clay brick should be less than?
The process of taking out stones of various sizes from natural rocks is known as?
The process of taking out stones of various sizes from natural rocks is known as?
The horizontal distance between the vertical joints in successive courses is termed as?
The horizontal distance between the vertical joints in successive courses is termed as?
If the load coming onto the pile is transferred to a suitable bearing stratum at its bottom end then it is called?
If the load coming onto the pile is transferred to a suitable bearing stratum at its bottom end then it is called?
The exterior corner of a wall is known as?
The exterior corner of a wall is known as?
The tools used by masons to check the verticality of the wall are?
The tools used by masons to check the verticality of the wall are?
Stretcher bond is possible only in?
Stretcher bond is possible only in?
When two walls separated by a small gap are connected together by pins, it is called?
When two walls separated by a small gap are connected together by pins, it is called?
Expansion joints in masonry walls are provided if the length of the wall exceeds?
Expansion joints in masonry walls are provided if the length of the wall exceeds?
When first-class bricks are immersed in water for one hour, the weight of water absorbed by them should not exceed?
When first-class bricks are immersed in water for one hour, the weight of water absorbed by them should not exceed?
The bond in which each course consists of alternate stretchers and headers is known as?
The bond in which each course consists of alternate stretchers and headers is known as?
Sand used for manufacturing concrete blocks should pass through?
Sand used for manufacturing concrete blocks should pass through?
Cavity wall comprises of?
Cavity wall comprises of?
For walls, beams, columns, sides, the forms can be removed within?
For walls, beams, columns, sides, the forms can be removed within?
Forms are used for?
Forms are used for?
Suitable temperature range of water for curing is?
Suitable temperature range of water for curing is?
Which of the following joints are provided in concrete structures?
Which of the following joints are provided in concrete structures?
Functional requirement of good flooring includes?
Functional requirement of good flooring includes?
Basement floor is defined as?
Basement floor is defined as?
Functional requirement of good flooring should ensure it is?
Functional requirement of good flooring should ensure it is?
Which of the following are commonly used roof coverings?
Which of the following are commonly used roof coverings?
Purlins are provided to?
Purlins are provided to?
An openable barrier to enter into a room is known as?
An openable barrier to enter into a room is known as?
The location and number of doors should preferably allow for?
The location and number of doors should preferably allow for?
The area of the window ranges between?
The area of the window ranges between?
The biggest disadvantage of bricks flooring is that it is?
The biggest disadvantage of bricks flooring is that it is?
The number of vertical posts in a queen post truss is?
The number of vertical posts in a queen post truss is?
The material commonly used to cover pitched roofs with steel trusses is?
The material commonly used to cover pitched roofs with steel trusses is?
Average weight of Mangalore tiles should be between?
Average weight of Mangalore tiles should be between?
The unsupported overhang of AC sheet should not be?
The unsupported overhang of AC sheet should not be?
Purposes served by a window are?
Purposes served by a window are?
Width of lintel is generally equal to?
Width of lintel is generally equal to?
In modern times, RCC lintels are extensively used because?
In modern times, RCC lintels are extensively used because?
The horizontal distance measured perpendicular to the front & back faces of an arch is known as?
The horizontal distance measured perpendicular to the front & back faces of an arch is known as?
The contraction joints in a structure are installed to allow for?
The contraction joints in a structure are installed to allow for?
Louvered window is also known as?
Louvered window is also known as?
In case of formed and panelled doors, the ratio of glazed to panelled portions is?
In case of formed and panelled doors, the ratio of glazed to panelled portions is?
Normally opted cross-section of style for the shutter is?
Normally opted cross-section of style for the shutter is?
The combination of king post truss and queen post truss is used when the span is?
The combination of king post truss and queen post truss is used when the span is?
Which of the following materials are required for stone masonry?
Which of the following materials are required for stone masonry?
Single stone passing from front to back face & acts as a bond is known as?
Single stone passing from front to back face & acts as a bond is known as?
Form work of props to slabs spanning more than 4.5 m can be removed after?
Form work of props to slabs spanning more than 4.5 m can be removed after?
What type of flooring will you suggest for W.C. or bathroom?
What type of flooring will you suggest for W.C. or bathroom?
Flooring in the bathroom and kitchens of posh residential buildings is?
Flooring in the bathroom and kitchens of posh residential buildings is?
A truss is called composite truss when it has to slopes of?
A truss is called composite truss when it has to slopes of?
A.C. sheets are laid from right to left starting at?
A.C. sheets are laid from right to left starting at?
Lean to roof is provided when span is limited to?
Lean to roof is provided when span is limited to?
Jambs represent the …. side of the vertical member of the frame?
Jambs represent the …. side of the vertical member of the frame?
To provide additional M.S. flats that remain embedded in masonry is known as?
To provide additional M.S. flats that remain embedded in masonry is known as?
The outer vertical & horizontal members of a shutter are termed as?
The outer vertical & horizontal members of a shutter are termed as?
Area enclosed between styles and rails & made up of glass or timber is?
Area enclosed between styles and rails & made up of glass or timber is?
Mixture of ………… is known as putty, used for fixing glass panels?
Mixture of ………… is known as putty, used for fixing glass panels?
Rising butt hinge is used for the following purpose?
Rising butt hinge is used for the following purpose?
Parliamentary hinge provides rotation through?
Parliamentary hinge provides rotation through?
Norfold or thumb latch offers …….. to the doors?
Norfold or thumb latch offers …….. to the doors?
Light admittance only is achieved through?
Light admittance only is achieved through?
Lintels are usually …
Lintels are usually …
Lowered windows are responsible for?
Lowered windows are responsible for?
Sliding doors occupy less space with ……. at the top & bottom?
Sliding doors occupy less space with ……. at the top & bottom?
The best curing method for concrete is …
The best curing method for concrete is …
In case of buildings where predominant pedestrian traffic is?
In case of buildings where predominant pedestrian traffic is?
For counterbalancing the door ………. are enclosed in the drum?
For counterbalancing the door ………. are enclosed in the drum?
Grade of high yield strength deformed bar used in RCC is?
Grade of high yield strength deformed bar used in RCC is?
Timber flooring is preferred in …
Timber flooring is preferred in …
In king post truss there will be …
In king post truss there will be …
Cement older than 3 months loses its strength by?
Cement older than 3 months loses its strength by?
Plastic doors are preferred for both W.C.s as they are?
Plastic doors are preferred for both W.C.s as they are?
53 Grade cement refers to?
53 Grade cement refers to?
Usual locations of siding windows are in case of?
Usual locations of siding windows are in case of?
Water used for concrete mixing and curing shall be?
Water used for concrete mixing and curing shall be?
The lower most part of pitched roof is …
The lower most part of pitched roof is …
Pointed arch is also known as?
Pointed arch is also known as?
The sides of the abutments or piers below the springers lines are called as?
The sides of the abutments or piers below the springers lines are called as?
The type of flush door is …
The type of flush door is …
Curing for concrete shall be done for?
Curing for concrete shall be done for?
Lintel is a horizontal structural member which is fixed?
Lintel is a horizontal structural member which is fixed?
Swing doors have meeting styled without …
Swing doors have meeting styled without …
The line joining equal amounts of rainfall at rainguage stations is?
The line joining equal amounts of rainfall at rainguage stations is?
Water cement ratio is the ratio of water to cement by?
Water cement ratio is the ratio of water to cement by?
As a rule, the depth of the lintel can be adopted as?
As a rule, the depth of the lintel can be adopted as?
Form work is …
Form work is …
A watertight structure constructed during excavation of foundation in river bed is known as?
A watertight structure constructed during excavation of foundation in river bed is known as?
Expansion & contraction joints in concrete structure are provided to …
Expansion & contraction joints in concrete structure are provided to …
The usual concrete mix for RCC lintels is?
The usual concrete mix for RCC lintels is?
In RCC lintel minimum number of reinforcement bars should be?
In RCC lintel minimum number of reinforcement bars should be?
Bricks are burnt at a temperature from?
Bricks are burnt at a temperature from?
The lower surface of bricks or stone of each course is called as …
The lower surface of bricks or stone of each course is called as …
The process of giving definite & regular shape with smooth face is known as …
The process of giving definite & regular shape with smooth face is known as …
The curves of roads are provided with ……….. for safety of vehicles?
The curves of roads are provided with ……….. for safety of vehicles?
The lintel formed by using frog bricks is termed as?
The lintel formed by using frog bricks is termed as?
When brick is cut into two halves longitudinally, one part is known as …
When brick is cut into two halves longitudinally, one part is known as …
The final setting time for ordinary Portland cement shall be?
The final setting time for ordinary Portland cement shall be?
Rubbing ends of shutters of revolving doors prevent?
Rubbing ends of shutters of revolving doors prevent?
As per I.S. specifications, the temperature for curing is?
As per I.S. specifications, the temperature for curing is?
Which tests are carried out on bricks to test its quality?
Which tests are carried out on bricks to test its quality?
Threshold is provided at the?
Threshold is provided at the?
Air seasoning for soft wood is done for?
Air seasoning for soft wood is done for?
The recess made to receive the shutter is called?
The recess made to receive the shutter is called?
When two or more individual column footings are joined by beam it is called …
When two or more individual column footings are joined by beam it is called …
The effect of bulking of sand is because of?
The effect of bulking of sand is because of?
The covering of exposed top of wall is called …
The covering of exposed top of wall is called …
Spring hinge provides ……… to the door?
Spring hinge provides ……… to the door?
The vertical members used to subdivide the shutter is termed as?
The vertical members used to subdivide the shutter is termed as?
The water cement ratio principle was established by?
The water cement ratio principle was established by?
For the areas subjected to vermin attack or dampness, the material used for frames is?
For the areas subjected to vermin attack or dampness, the material used for frames is?
A load bearing partition wall is called …
A load bearing partition wall is called …
The area from which a dam receives water for storage is called?
The area from which a dam receives water for storage is called?
G.I. sheets are fixed with special screws & washers driven through the hole drilled in …
G.I. sheets are fixed with special screws & washers driven through the hole drilled in …
Approximate density of concrete shall be?
Approximate density of concrete shall be?
Total quantity of A.C. sheets required for covering 100 sqm is?
Total quantity of A.C. sheets required for covering 100 sqm is?
In a load test of a slab, the maximum load applied is equal to?
In a load test of a slab, the maximum load applied is equal to?
In case of swing door following type of hinge is provided …
In case of swing door following type of hinge is provided …
In Manning's formula V = I/n R^(2/3) S^(1/2), R indicates?
In Manning's formula V = I/n R^(2/3) S^(1/2), R indicates?
Effect due to obstruction in the waterway is called?
Effect due to obstruction in the waterway is called?
In case of lowered doors/windows, the lower edge of the louver on the outer side is below the upper edge of the louver on the inner side.
In case of lowered doors/windows, the lower edge of the louver on the outer side is below the upper edge of the louver on the inner side.
The liquid and plastic limits exist in?
The liquid and plastic limits exist in?
Grillage foundation is to be provided when …
Grillage foundation is to be provided when …
The ultimate bearing capacity of soil is?
The ultimate bearing capacity of soil is?
The discharge through a canal is measured at?
The discharge through a canal is measured at?
Which of the following materials are employed for floor finish?
Which of the following materials are employed for floor finish?
The curve composed of two arcs of different radius, curving in opposite directions is known as?
The curve composed of two arcs of different radius, curving in opposite directions is known as?
In M-20 concrete, M represents?
In M-20 concrete, M represents?
Purposes served by a window are …
Purposes served by a window are …
As a rule, the depth of lintel can be adopted as …
As a rule, the depth of lintel can be adopted as …
Water loss in liter/min/m depth at pressure 10 kg/cm^2 is termed as?
Water loss in liter/min/m depth at pressure 10 kg/cm^2 is termed as?
Cement required for construction of one cubic meter of concrete of M-20 grade?
Cement required for construction of one cubic meter of concrete of M-20 grade?
Partial ventilation and privacy can be achieved through …
Partial ventilation and privacy can be achieved through …
In coarse rubble masonry, the mortar joint shall be less than … on face work?
In coarse rubble masonry, the mortar joint shall be less than … on face work?
What type of flooring would you suggest for kitchen otta?
What type of flooring would you suggest for kitchen otta?
Component of pitched roof is …
Component of pitched roof is …
Maximum area of tension reinforcement in beam shall not exceed the …. area of concrete?
Maximum area of tension reinforcement in beam shall not exceed the …. area of concrete?
In colgrout masonry with water/cement ratio 0.84 for grout, the water to be added for one 50 kg bag mix is?
In colgrout masonry with water/cement ratio 0.84 for grout, the water to be added for one 50 kg bag mix is?
For walls, beams, columns, sides the forms can be removed within …
For walls, beams, columns, sides the forms can be removed within …
Course of stone or P.C.C. which is laid at top wall so as to protect the wall from rain is known as …
Course of stone or P.C.C. which is laid at top wall so as to protect the wall from rain is known as …
The liquid and plastic limits predominantly exist in?
The liquid and plastic limits predominantly exist in?
A footing which supports two columns is known as …
A footing which supports two columns is known as …
The vertical distance between the wall plate and top of the ridge is called… of roof?
The vertical distance between the wall plate and top of the ridge is called… of roof?
Steel in RCC beam takes…?
Steel in RCC beam takes…?
The mortar of the masonry joints to be covered by painting is raked out at least to a depth of…?
The mortar of the masonry joints to be covered by painting is raked out at least to a depth of…?
A section with more steel reinforcement than a balanced section is called…?
A section with more steel reinforcement than a balanced section is called…?
Distemper is used on…?
Distemper is used on…?
The shrinkage in a concrete slab causes?
The shrinkage in a concrete slab causes?
Safe permissible load for brick masonry in C.M. first class is…?
Safe permissible load for brick masonry in C.M. first class is…?
The slump test of concrete is used to measure its?
The slump test of concrete is used to measure its?
The full form of M.D.D.L. is?
The full form of M.D.D.L. is?
The unit weight per cubic meter of mild steel is?
The unit weight per cubic meter of mild steel is?
The vertical members to which shutters are attached are called?
The vertical members to which shutters are attached are called?
The horizontal members at the top of the frame are called?
The horizontal members at the top of the frame are called?
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Study Notes
High Yield Strength Bars and Cement
- High yield strength deformed bars used in RCC typically include Fe-415 grade.
- Cement older than three months may lose up to 30% of its strength.
- 53 Grade cement indicates a strong type, characterized by a specific weight of cement per bag and performance.
Curing and Water Usage
- Concrete curing should last at least 28 days to ensure proper strength.
- The water-cement ratio is calculated by weight, determining the amount of water used for mixing concrete.
- Potable water should be used for mixing and curing concrete to ensure quality and structural integrity.
Structural and Material Properties
- Bricks are generally burnt at temperatures between 300°C to 1200°C for durability.
- Road curves are enhanced with camber for improved vehicle safety.
- The ultimate bearing capacity of soil is a critical factor, affecting structural design and safety.
Soil and Water Management
- The discharge in a canal is typically measured at structures called Siphons or regulators.
- The area from which a dam gathers water for storage is referred to as the catchment area.
- Moisture content and effective density ranges influence pavement and concrete designs.
Construction Standards and Techniques
- The final setting time for ordinary Portland cement is generally around 60 minutes.
- Air seasoning for softwood typically lasts between 30 to 60 days for optimal results.
- The vertical distance between a roof plate and the ridge is referred to as the roof rise.
Building Materials
- Concrete is comprised of cement, sand, aggregates, and water, which are crucial for its structural integrity.
- Hollow load-bearing blocks must achieve a minimum compressive strength of 4.5 N/mm².
- The unit weight of mild steel averages 7850 kg/m³, relevant for structural calculations.
Miscellaneous
- The unit weight of AC sheets required for a specified area can vary, with about 1.25 times the coverage calculated.
- Distemper is commonly used on plastered surfaces that are not exposed to the weather for aesthetic purposes.
- Various reinforcement metrics apply, such as the maximum allowable tension reinforcement percentage in beams should not exceed 1.50%.
Terminology and Definitions
- RMC stands for Ready Mix Concrete, which is prepared off-site for delivery.
- The platform at the end of a staircase is known as a landing, essential for safe movement.
- Formwork for props supporting beams spanning more than 6 meters can typically be removed after 7 days of curing.### Water and Soil Properties
- Unit weight of water commonly used in engineering is around 1000 kg/m³.
- Bearing capacity of waterlogged soil can be enhanced through compaction, grouting, or drainage techniques.
Footing Types
- Strip footing supports more than two columns.
- Ordinary scaffolding incorporates braces, bridle, and raker for support.
Foundation Considerations
- Measurement of flooring is typically based on unit area rather than unit length or volume.
- Heavy floods can lead to soil erosion, foundation failure, and undermining of structures.
- Queen post trusses are suitable for spans greater than 15 m.
Joint Measurement and Formwork
- Expansion joint measurements are categorized by unit length.
- The removal time of formwork depends on member type, concrete mix, and cement type, typically around 14 hours to 25 hours.
Mat Foundation
- Mat foundation is equivalently known as raft foundation.
- Formwork for slabs up to 4.5 m can typically be removed after around 25 hours.
Foundation Depth and Settlement
- Minimum foundation depth is generally specified at 90 cm.
- Differential settlement issues arise from uneven loading or varying soil compressibility.
- Uniform settlement can cause foundation failures, especially if the soil is heavily loaded or possesses low bearing capacity.
Grillage and Combined Footing
- Grillage foundation is necessary for steel columns with low bearing capacity.
- Combined footing is often utilized to reduce differential settlement between closely spaced columns.
Excavation Depth
- Excavation for grillage foundations is limited to approximately 1.5 m to 1.8 m.
Raft Foundation Usage
- Raft foundation is ideal when soil conditions are uncertain or when covering areas greater than 5% for differential settlement considerations.
Pile Foundation
- Pile foundation is preferred in conditions with potential for differential settlement or shallow depths, especially in expansive soil areas.
Brick and Masonry
- Basalt is a prevalent building stone in Maharashtra.
- Masonry broadly includes stone, brick, and block types, with rubble masonry classified into coursed and dry rubble.
- Good burnt clay brick should not absorb more than 20% of its weight in water.
Joints and Bonds
- Expansion joints in masonry walls are recommended if walls exceed 25 m in length.
- Water absorption tests for first-class bricks indicate that the absorption should not exceed 15% of the brick's weight.
- English and Flemish bonds are common types of brick bonding, with each having alternating courses of stretchers and headers.
Miscellaneous
- Cavity walls consist of two separate walls with a space in between, enhancing thermal insulation and structural stability.
- Suitable temperature for water used in curing is preferably between 10°C to 40°C.### Functional Requirements of Flooring
- Good flooring should be durable, easy to clean, and aesthetically pleasing.
- Additional desirable qualities include low maintenance and resistance to dampness and noise.
Basement Floor
- A basement floor is constructed between two parapets, typically below natural ground level.
Roof Covering Materials
- Common materials for roof covering include Mangalore tiles, asbestos-cement sheets, and corrugated tiles.
Purlins
- Purlins are structural members that interconnect trusses and support common rafters, contributing to the roof's stability.
Doors and Windows
- Doors serve as openable barriers to access rooms, while windows typically provide light and ventilation.
- The ideal location and number of doors should allow for cross-ventilation and diffused natural light.
Window Area
- The recommended window area ranges from 1/12th to 1/10th of the total floor area for optimal daylight.
Brick Flooring Disadvantages
- Brick flooring can be expensive, absorbent, and requires skilled labor for installation, making it less favorable in some cases.
Queen Post Truss
- A queen post truss typically features two vertical posts to enhance structural integrity.
Roof Covering for Pitched Roofs
- Common materials for pitched roofs over steel trusses include tiles, shingles, and cement sheets.
Mangalore Tiles Weight
- The average weight of Mangalore tiles should be between 3 to 6 kg.
Unsupported Overhangs
- Unsupported overhangs of AC sheets should not exceed specified limits, generally around 1 meter.
Lintels
- RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) lintels are preferred due to their fireproof and durable characteristics.
Thickness of Arches
- The horizontal distance measured perpendicular to the front and back faces of an arch is known as its depth.
Construction Joints
- Contraction joints in structures are necessary to accommodate movements, ensuring structural stability.
Louvered Windows
- Louvered windows serve as ventilation openings, allowing air to flow while maintaining privacy.
Glazed to Panelled Doors Ratio
- In formed and panelled doors, the ratio of glazed to panelled portions is typically set at 1:2.
Shutter Cross-section
- Standard cross-sections for shutters are commonly around 100 mm x 40 mm or 120 mm x 50 mm.
Trusses Combination
- A combination of king post truss and queen post truss is used for spans greater than 5 meters.
Formwork Materials
- Timber and plywood are widely used materials for formwork because they are cheap and easy to assemble on site.
Stone Masonry Materials
- Stone masonry requires materials such as stones, help mortar, lime, and mud.
Through Stone in Masonry
- A single stone passing from the front to back face in masonry is termed a through stone.
Formwork Removal Time
- For slabs spanning more than 4.5 meters, formwork can generally be removed after 7 days.
Flooring Recommendations
- Suitable flooring for W.C. or bathrooms includes granolithic flooring, avoiding wooden options.
High-End Residential Flooring
- Posh residential buildings often feature mosaic or marble flooring in bathrooms and kitchens.
Composite Trusses
- A composite truss is one that incorporates both king and queen post trusses, offering diverse structural advantages.
Installation of A.C. Sheets
- A.C. sheets are installed starting from the eaves and proceed towards the ridge.
Lean-to Roof Span
- Lean-to roofs are generally used for spans limited to 3.8 meters or less.
Jambs Definition
- Jambs refer to the inner or outer sides of the vertical members of a door or window frame.
Additional M.S. Flats
- Additional M.S. (Mild Steel) flats embedded in masonry provide reinforcement, commonly referred to as hold fasts.
Shutter Components
- The outer vertical and horizontal elements of a shutter are known as styles and rails, respectively.
Putty Composition
- Putty for fixing glass panels is composed of whiting chalk and linseed oil.
Rising Butt Hinges
- Rising butt hinges facilitate the lifting of heavy doors, aiding in their operation over obstructions like carpets.
Parliamentary Hinges
- Parliamentary hinges allow for a door to swing open through angles of up to 270 degrees, providing expansive access.
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