Questions and Answers
What defines a chemical reaction?
What is a chemical equation?
It symbolizes the process of a chemical reaction.
What is a reactant?
Starting material of a reaction.
What is a product in a chemical reaction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an intermediate in a chemical reaction?
Signup and view all the answers
The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter can be created or destroyed.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the basic rules of balancing equations?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the categories for classifying chemical reaction types?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a combination reaction?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes corrosion reactions?
Signup and view all the answers
What occurs during decomposition reactions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the driving force of a chemical reaction?
Signup and view all the answers
Which reaction follows the pattern AB + CD --> AC + BD?
Signup and view all the answers
What do neutralization reactions produce?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines an oxidation number?
Signup and view all the answers
What does OILRIG stand for?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Chemical Reactions
- Chemical Reaction: Transforms one or more starting materials into new substances.
- Chemical Equation: Represents the chemical reaction using symbols.
- Reactant/Reagent: The substance that undergoes change in a chemical reaction.
- Product: New substance produced from a chemical reaction.
- Intermediate: Temporary substance formed during the conversion from reactants to products, often not shown in the equation.
Conservation and Balancing
- Law of Conservation of Matter: Mass is conserved; atoms in the reactants must equal atoms in the products.
- Balancing Equations: Essential steps include identifying reactants/products, balancing elements with fewer molecules first, and adjusting coefficients to eliminate fractions.
Classifying Reactions
- Two main classifications: based on compositions of reactants/products and reactions' driving forces.
Types of Reactions
- Combination Reactions: Two or more reactants combine to form one product (e.g., A + B → AB).
- Specific Types of Combination Reactions: Include combustion, formation, and corrosion.
Reaction Examples
- Combustion Reactions: Involves burning a substance in gas; releases energy (e.g., 3Mg + N2 → Mg3N2).
- Formation Reactions: Produce a single product from elements in standard states (e.g., 3C + 4H2 → C3H8).
Decomposition and Driving Forces
- Decomposition Reactions: A compound breaks down into two or more substances, often due to heat or light (e.g., AB → A + B).
- Driving Forces: Include increasing entropy, electron transfer for stability, and precipitation formation.
Displacement Reactions
- Single Displacement: An atom replaces another in a compound (e.g., A + BC → AB + C).
- Double Displacement: Two compounds exchange elements and form two new compounds (e.g., AB + CD → AC + BD).
Redox Reactions
- Redox: Electrons transfer occurs; involves oxidation (loss) and reduction (gain) of electrons.
- Oxidation Number: Indicates the charge of an atom in a molecule or ion; rules exist for assigning these numbers.
Acids and Bases
- Bronsted-Lowry Definition: Acids donate protons; bases accept protons.
- Lewis Definition: Acids are electron pair acceptors; bases are electron pair donors.
Precipitation Reactions
- Form solid products from reactants in a metathesis reaction (e.g., NaOH + AgNO3 → NaNO3 + AgOH).
Summary of Key Points
- Balancing is crucial for accurate chemical equations.
- Understanding the driving forces helps to predict the direction and feasibility of reactions.
- The role of oxidizing and reducing agents is critical in redox reactions.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz features flashcards covering essential chemical reaction terminology. Each card includes a word and its corresponding definition, focusing on concepts such as chemical reactions, reactants, and products. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of chemical processes.
