General Chemistry Reaction Types Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What defines a chemical reaction?

A process that combines multiple substances

A process that converts starting materials into new substances (correct)

A process that occurs only in living organisms

A method to balance chemical equations

What is a chemical equation?

It symbolizes the process of a chemical reaction.

What is a reactant?

Starting material of a reaction.

What is a product in a chemical reaction?

Substance that results from a chemical reaction. Signup and view all the answers

What is an intermediate in a chemical reaction?

A substance that only exists transiently during a reaction. Signup and view all the answers

The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter can be created or destroyed.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic rules of balancing equations?

Identify products and reactants, balance elements, and multiply coefficients as necessary. Signup and view all the answers

What are the categories for classifying chemical reaction types?

Compositions of reactants and products Signup and view all the answers

What is a combination reaction?

A reaction where two or more reactants combine to form one product Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes corrosion reactions?

Metals deteriorate when chemically attacked by a liquid or gas. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during decomposition reactions?

A compound breaks down into two or more substances. Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force of a chemical reaction?

Increase in entropy, transfer of electrons, or formation of a solid precipitate. Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction follows the pattern AB + CD --> AC + BD?

Double Displacement Reaction Signup and view all the answers

What do neutralization reactions produce?

A salt and usually water. Signup and view all the answers

What defines an oxidation number?

A number assigned to an atom that denotes its charge. Signup and view all the answers

What does OILRIG stand for?

Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reaction: Transforms one or more starting materials into new substances.
Chemical Equation: Represents the chemical reaction using symbols.
Reactant/Reagent: The substance that undergoes change in a chemical reaction.
Product: New substance produced from a chemical reaction.
Intermediate: Temporary substance formed during the conversion from reactants to products, often not shown in the equation.

Conservation and Balancing

Law of Conservation of Matter: Mass is conserved; atoms in the reactants must equal atoms in the products.
Balancing Equations: Essential steps include identifying reactants/products, balancing elements with fewer molecules first, and adjusting coefficients to eliminate fractions.

Classifying Reactions

Two main classifications: based on compositions of reactants/products and reactions' driving forces.

Types of Reactions

Combination Reactions: Two or more reactants combine to form one product (e.g., A + B → AB).
Specific Types of Combination Reactions: Include combustion, formation, and corrosion.

Reaction Examples

Combustion Reactions: Involves burning a substance in gas; releases energy (e.g., 3Mg + N2 → Mg3N2).
Formation Reactions: Produce a single product from elements in standard states (e.g., 3C + 4H2 → C3H8).

Decomposition and Driving Forces

Decomposition Reactions: A compound breaks down into two or more substances, often due to heat or light (e.g., AB → A + B).
Driving Forces: Include increasing entropy, electron transfer for stability, and precipitation formation.

Displacement Reactions

Single Displacement: An atom replaces another in a compound (e.g., A + BC → AB + C).
Double Displacement: Two compounds exchange elements and form two new compounds (e.g., AB + CD → AC + BD).

Redox Reactions

Redox: Electrons transfer occurs; involves oxidation (loss) and reduction (gain) of electrons.
Oxidation Number: Indicates the charge of an atom in a molecule or ion; rules exist for assigning these numbers.

Acids and Bases

Bronsted-Lowry Definition: Acids donate protons; bases accept protons.
Lewis Definition: Acids are electron pair acceptors; bases are electron pair donors.

Precipitation Reactions

Form solid products from reactants in a metathesis reaction (e.g., NaOH + AgNO3 → NaNO3 + AgOH).

Summary of Key Points

Balancing is crucial for accurate chemical equations.
Understanding the driving forces helps to predict the direction and feasibility of reactions.
The role of oxidizing and reducing agents is critical in redox reactions.

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Description

This quiz features flashcards covering essential chemical reaction terminology. Each card includes a word and its corresponding definition, focusing on concepts such as chemical reactions, reactants, and products. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of chemical processes.