Chemistry Chapter 8: Chemical Equations

Questions and Answers

A ___ is the process by which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances.

Chemical Reaction

The original substances in a chemical equation are known as the and the resulting substances are known as the .

Reactants, Products

According to the _ _________ _, the total mass of reactants must be equal to the total mass of products for any given chemical equation.

Law of Conservation of Mass

A ____ represents, with symbols and formulas, the identities and relative molecular or molar amounts of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

Chemical Equation Signup and view all the answers

Evidence that one or more substances have undergone a change in __________ are required to know that a chemical reaction has taken place.

Identity Signup and view all the answers

Evolution of energy as and ___ could indicate that a chemical reaction has taken place.

Heat, Light Signup and view all the answers

The following observations may indicate a chemical reaction: release of both heat and light, change in , production of a , formation of a ______.

Color, Gas, Precipitate Signup and view all the answers

A solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in a solution that separates from the solution is known as a ______________.

Precipitate Signup and view all the answers

What are the diatomic elements?

Br I N Cl H O F Signup and view all the answers

According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, what happens to atoms in a chemical equation?

Atoms are neither created nor destroyed, so the same number of atoms of each element must appear on each side. Signup and view all the answers

A _____________ is a small whole number that appears in front of a formula in a chemical reaction.

Coefficient Signup and view all the answers

An equation in which the reactants and products in a chemical reaction are represented by words is called a __.

Word Equation Signup and view all the answers

The arrow in a chemical equation is read as _______.

Yield Signup and view all the answers

A _ _ represents the reactants and products of a chemical reaction by their symbols or formulas.

Formula Equation Signup and view all the answers

Word equations and formula equations are qualitative statements that provide detailed information about the amounts of reactants and products.

False Signup and view all the answers

Changing the subscripts of a chemical formula changes the __________ of the compound.

Identity Signup and view all the answers

Sometimes a gaseous product is indicated by an arrow pointing . A arrow is often used to show the formation of a precipitate.

Upward, Downward Signup and view all the answers

Many reactions are speeded up and can take place at ________ temperatures in the presence of a catalyst.

Lower Signup and view all the answers

A ___________ is a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction but can be recovered unchanged.

Catalyst Signup and view all the answers

A ___ is a chemical reaction in which the products reform the original reactants.

Reversible Reaction Signup and view all the answers

The coefficients of a chemical reaction indicate ___________ amounts of reactants and products.

Relative Signup and view all the answers

The _____ of the reactants and products of a chemical reaction can be determined from the reaction's coefficients.

Relative Masses Signup and view all the answers

The for a chemical equation has the same relative amounts of substances as the forward reaction.

Reverse Reaction Signup and view all the answers

A chemical equation doesn't provide all information: Don't know if the reaction occur, No information about the ___ it occurs at.

Can, Speed Signup and view all the answers

_______________ forms the basis for confirming that a particular chemical reaction will occur.

Experimentation Signup and view all the answers

In a , also known as a composition reaction, two or more substances combine to form a new compound.

Synthesis Reaction Signup and view all the answers

Almost all metals react with oxygen to form _________.

Oxides Signup and view all the answers

Many oxides of nonmetals in the upper-right portion of the periodic table react with water to produce _____________.

Oxyacids Signup and view all the answers

In a ___ , a single compound undergoes a reaction that produces two or more simpler substances.

Decomposition Reaction Signup and view all the answers

Most decomposition reactions take place only when energy in the form of ______ or _ is added.

Electricity, Heat Signup and view all the answers

The decomposition of a substance by an electric current is called ______________.

Electrolysis Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered oxygen through a decomposition reaction?

Joseph Priestley Signup and view all the answers

In a _______ , also known as a replacement reaction, one element replaces a similar element in a compound.

Single-Displacement Reaction Signup and view all the answers

The amount of energy required in single-displacement reactions is ____________ than the amount involved in synthesis or decomposition reactions.

Smaller Signup and view all the answers

In ______ s, the ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds.

Double-Displacement Reaction Signup and view all the answers

_________ _ remain in solutions as aqueous ions.

Spectator Ions Signup and view all the answers

In a ___ , a substance combines with oxygen, releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat.

Combustion Reaction Signup and view all the answers

Combustion always results in the production of __ _ and _____.

Carbon Dioxide, Water Signup and view all the answers

The ability of an element to react is referred to as the element's ____________.

Activity Signup and view all the answers

The more readily an element reacts with other substances, the _____________ its activity is.

Greater Signup and view all the answers

An ___ _ is a list of elements organized according to the ease with which elements undergo certain chemical reactions.

Activity Series Signup and view all the answers

For metals, greater activity means a greater ease of _____ off electrons to form positive ions.

Loss Signup and view all the answers

For nonmetals, greater activity means a greater ease of _____ of electrons, to form negative ions.

Gain Signup and view all the answers

The most-active element, placed at the top of the activity series, can replace each of the elements _________ it from a compound in a single-displacement reaction.

Below Signup and view all the answers

If the element can't replace another element according to the activity series, you write ' _______' in the chemical equation.

No Reaction Signup and view all the answers

Many single displacement reactions occur in ____________ solutions.

Aqueous Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Reactions

A chemical reaction involves the transformation of one or more substances into different substances.
Original substances are known as reactants; resulting substances are called products.

Law of Conservation of Mass

The total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products in any chemical equation.
Atoms are neither created nor destroyed, ensuring equal numbers on both sides of the equation.

Chemical Equations

A chemical equation uses symbols and formulas to represent the identities and amounts of reactants and products.
Balancing equations involves using coefficients, which are whole numbers that precede formulas.

Evidence of Chemical Reactions

Changes in identity, energy evolution (heat and light), color changes, gas production, and precipitate formation indicate a chemical reaction.
A precipitate is a solid formed from a reaction that separates from a liquid solution.

Diatomic Elements

Certain elements exist naturally as diatomic molecules, represented by Br I N Cl H O F.

Types of Equations

Word equations provide a qualitative statement of reactants and products without quantitative information.
Formula equations use chemical symbols or formulas to represent the reaction.

Reaction Direction and Temperature

Arrow direction in equations indicates product formation or states (upward for gas, downward for precipitate).
Reactions can occur at lower temperatures in the presence of a catalyst, which alters the reaction rate but is unchanged afterward.

Reaction Types

Synthesis reactions combine two or more substances to form one compound.
Decomposition reactions break down a single compound into simpler substances, often requiring energy (electricity or heat).
Single-displacement reactions involve one element replacing a similar element in a compound, while double-displacement reactions have two compounds exchanging ions.

Combustion Reactions

A combustion reaction combines a substance with oxygen, releasing significant energy, producing carbon dioxide and water.
The activity series ranks elements by their reactivity; more active elements can displace less active ones in reactions.

Aqueous Solutions

Many single-displacement interactions occur in aqueous solutions, where spectator ions remain unchanged during reactions.

Confirming Reactions

Experimentation is essential to determine if a chemical reaction will occur and under what conditions.

Studying That Suits You

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Description

Test your understanding of chemical reactions with this flashcard quiz focused on Chapter 8. Learn key terminology, such as reactants and products, and grasp the concepts that underpin chemical equations. Perfect for students preparing for exams or looking to reinforce their knowledge.

Chemistry Chapter 8: Chemical Equations

Questions and Answers

A _____________ __________ is the process by which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances.

The original substances in a chemical equation are known as the ______________ and the resulting substances are known as the ______________.

According to the ___ __ _______________ __ _____, the total mass of reactants must be equal to the total mass of products for any given chemical equation.

A ________________ ____________ represents, with symbols and formulas, the identities and relative molecular or molar amounts of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

Evidence that one or more substances have undergone a change in __________ are required to know that a chemical reaction has taken place.

Evolution of energy as ______ and _________ could indicate that a chemical reaction has taken place.

The following observations may indicate a chemical reaction: release of both heat and light, change in ________, production of a ____, formation of a ______________.

A solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in a solution that separates from the solution is known as a ______________.

What are the diatomic elements?

According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, what happens to atoms in a chemical equation?

A _____________ is a small whole number that appears in front of a formula in a chemical reaction.

An equation in which the reactants and products in a chemical reaction are represented by words is called a ________ __________.

The arrow in a chemical equation is read as _______.

A ___________ ___________ represents the reactants and products of a chemical reaction by their symbols or formulas.

Word equations and formula equations are qualitative statements that provide detailed information about the amounts of reactants and products.

Changing the subscripts of a chemical formula changes the __________ of the compound.

Sometimes a gaseous product is indicated by an arrow pointing __________. A __________ arrow is often used to show the formation of a precipitate.

Many reactions are speeded up and can take place at ________ temperatures in the presence of a catalyst.

A ___________ is a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction but can be recovered unchanged.

A _______________ ____________ is a chemical reaction in which the products reform the original reactants.

The coefficients of a chemical reaction indicate ___________ amounts of reactants and products.

The _____________ ________ of the reactants and products of a chemical reaction can be determined from the reaction's coefficients.

The __________ __________ for a chemical equation has the same relative amounts of substances as the forward reaction.

A chemical equation doesn't provide all information: Don't know if the reaction ____ occur, No information about the _______ it occurs at.

_______________ forms the basis for confirming that a particular chemical reaction will occur.

In a ____________ ____________, also known as a composition reaction, two or more substances combine to form a new compound.

Almost all metals react with oxygen to form _________.

Many oxides of nonmetals in the upper-right portion of the periodic table react with water to produce _____________.

In a _____________ __________, a single compound undergoes a reaction that produces two or more simpler substances.

Most decomposition reactions take place only when energy in the form of ____________ or _______ is added.

The decomposition of a substance by an electric current is called ______________.

Who discovered oxygen through a decomposition reaction?

In a _______________ ________, also known as a replacement reaction, one element replaces a similar element in a compound.

The amount of energy required in single-displacement reactions is ____________ than the amount involved in synthesis or decomposition reactions.

In ________________ __________s, the ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds.

_____________ _____ remain in solutions as aqueous ions.

In a _______________ ____________, a substance combines with oxygen, releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat.

Combustion always results in the production of ________ ___________ and _________.

The ability of an element to react is referred to as the element's ____________.

The more readily an element reacts with other substances, the _____________ its activity is.

An ___________ _________ is a list of elements organized according to the ease with which elements undergo certain chemical reactions.

For metals, greater activity means a greater ease of _____ off electrons to form positive ions.

For nonmetals, greater activity means a greater ease of _____ of electrons, to form negative ions.

The most-active element, placed at the top of the activity series, can replace each of the elements _________ it from a compound in a single-displacement reaction.

If the element can't replace another element according to the activity series, you write '__ _________' in the chemical equation.

Many single displacement reactions occur in ____________ solutions.

Study Notes

Chemical Reactions

Law of Conservation of Mass

Chemical Equations

Evidence of Chemical Reactions

Diatomic Elements

Types of Equations

Reaction Direction and Temperature

Reaction Types

Combustion Reactions

Aqueous Solutions

Confirming Reactions

Studying That Suits You

Description

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A ___ is the process by which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances.

The original substances in a chemical equation are known as the and the resulting substances are known as the .

According to the _ _________ _, the total mass of reactants must be equal to the total mass of products for any given chemical equation.

A ____ represents, with symbols and formulas, the identities and relative molecular or molar amounts of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

Evolution of energy as and ___ could indicate that a chemical reaction has taken place.

The following observations may indicate a chemical reaction: release of both heat and light, change in , production of a , formation of a ______.

An equation in which the reactants and products in a chemical reaction are represented by words is called a __.

A _ _ represents the reactants and products of a chemical reaction by their symbols or formulas.

Sometimes a gaseous product is indicated by an arrow pointing . A arrow is often used to show the formation of a precipitate.

A ___ is a chemical reaction in which the products reform the original reactants.

The _____ of the reactants and products of a chemical reaction can be determined from the reaction's coefficients.

The for a chemical equation has the same relative amounts of substances as the forward reaction.

A chemical equation doesn't provide all information: Don't know if the reaction occur, No information about the ___ it occurs at.

In a , also known as a composition reaction, two or more substances combine to form a new compound.

In a ___ , a single compound undergoes a reaction that produces two or more simpler substances.

Most decomposition reactions take place only when energy in the form of ______ or _ is added.

In a _______ , also known as a replacement reaction, one element replaces a similar element in a compound.

In ______ s, the ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds.

_________ _ remain in solutions as aqueous ions.

In a ___ , a substance combines with oxygen, releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat.

Combustion always results in the production of __ _ and _____.

An ___ _ is a list of elements organized according to the ease with which elements undergo certain chemical reactions.

If the element can't replace another element according to the activity series, you write ' _______' in the chemical equation.