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Questions and Answers
What does the Aufbau principle state regarding electron configuration?
What does the Aufbau principle state regarding electron configuration?
- Electrons fill only the outermost shell before any inner shells.
- Electrons can occupy the same orbital with identical spins.
- Electrons occupy orbitals in order of increasing energy. (correct)
- Electrons fill all orbitals before moving to the next energy level.
According to Hund's rule, how should electrons be placed in orbitals of equal energy?
According to Hund's rule, how should electrons be placed in orbitals of equal energy?
- Electrons should occupy orbitals in a random manner.
- Electrons are paired in the same orbital first.
- Electrons must occupy the lowest energy orbital available.
- Electrons are evenly distributed among orbitals before pairing. (correct)
What is indicated by the superscript in the electron configuration notation?
What is indicated by the superscript in the electron configuration notation?
- The total number of orbitals occupied by electrons.
- The energy level of the orbital being filled.
- The number of electrons in a specific set of orbitals. (correct)
- The stability of the electron configuration.
Which statement is true regarding the valence shell electron configuration?
Which statement is true regarding the valence shell electron configuration?
How is the abbreviated electron configuration represented?
How is the abbreviated electron configuration represented?
What do quantum numbers primarily describe about electrons in an atom?
What do quantum numbers primarily describe about electrons in an atom?
Which quantum number specifies the shape of the orbital?
Which quantum number specifies the shape of the orbital?
According to the Pauli exclusion principle, what must be true about electrons in an atom?
According to the Pauli exclusion principle, what must be true about electrons in an atom?
How many orbitals are present in an s subshell?
How many orbitals are present in an s subshell?
Which quantum number indicates the orientation of an orbital in space?
Which quantum number indicates the orientation of an orbital in space?
Flashcards
Quantum Numbers
Quantum Numbers
Four numbers used to describe each electron in an atom.
Principal Quantum Number (n)
Principal Quantum Number (n)
Positive integer specifying electron energy & orbital size.
Angular Quantum Number (l)
Angular Quantum Number (l)
Describes the shape of an orbital.
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Pauli Exclusion Principle
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Magnetic Quantum Number (ml)
Magnetic Quantum Number (ml)
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Electron Configuration
Electron Configuration
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Aufbau Principle
Aufbau Principle
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Orbital Diagram
Orbital Diagram
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Abbreviated electron configuration
Abbreviated electron configuration
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Valence Shell Electron Configuration
Valence Shell Electron Configuration
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Study Notes
General Chemistry I - Lecture Notes
- Course title: General Chemistry I
- Instructor: Dr. Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Department: Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Minia University
- Email: [email protected]
- Course code: CH101
Lecture 2: Quantum Numbers & Electron Configuration
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Topic: Quantum Numbers
- Each electron in an atom is described by four quantum numbers.
- Principle quantum number (n): Specifies the energy level and size of the electron's orbital (positive integer, excluding zero).
- Angular quantum number (l): Specifies the shape of the electron's orbital. It also affects the subshell energy (integers from 0 to n-1). Subshells are labelled s, p, d, f (s=0, p=1, d=2, f=3).
- Magnetic quantum number (ml): Specifies the orientation of the orbital in space(-l to +l). Determines the number of orbitals in each subshell (2l + 1 orbitals) The s subshell has 1 orbital, the p subshell has 3, the d subshell has 5, and the f subshell has 7.
- Spin quantum number (ms): Specifies electron spin (equal to +1/2 or -1/2). Electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins.
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Topic: Pauli Exclusion Principle
- No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.
- No more than two electrons can occupy the same atomic orbital.
- Electrons within the same orbital must have opposite spins.
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Topic: Electron Configuration
- Aufbau principle: Electrons fill orbitals in increasing order of energy levels (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p...).
- The distribution of electrons among the orbitals of an atom is called the electron configuration.
- Orbital diagrams: Diagrams that show the electron placement in each orbital within a subshell
- Hund's rule: Electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy singly before they pair up.
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Topic: Abbreviated Electron Configurations
- Abbreviated electron configurations use the noble gas preceding that element, followed by the electron configuration of the remaining electrons.
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Topic: Valence Shell Electron Configuration
- Configuration focusing on the outer shell electrons (valence shell)
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Topic: Unexpected Electron Configurations
- Some elements have unexpected electron configurations (e.g., Cr and Cu). This is due to special stability that arises when specific subshells are half-filled or completely filled.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of quantum numbers and electron configuration in this General Chemistry I lecture. Understand the significance of each quantum number, including principal, angular, magnetic, and spin quantum numbers, and their roles in defining electron behavior in atoms.
